En el panorama informático actual, mantener la seguridad y la integridad de una red es primordial. Una de las tareas fundamentales de los profesionales de TI y los proveedores de servicios gestionados (MSP) es garantizar que en sus sistemas sólo se ejecuten procesos fiables y verificados.
Los procesos no verificados o no firmados pueden ser potenciales puntos de entrada de software malicioso, lo que conduce a brechas de seguridad e inestabilidad del sistema. Aquí es donde entran en juego los scripts de PowerShell, como el que estamos analizando hoy, que proporcionan un método robusto para verificar procesos en ejecución e identificar cualquier ejecutable sin firmar.
Necesidad de verificar los procesos
Los profesionales de TI deben verificar a menudo que todos los procesos que se ejecutan en un sistema están firmados y son de confianza. Esta verificación garantiza que los procesos proceden de fuentes legítimas y no han sido manipulados.
En entornos en los que la seguridad es una prioridad absoluta, como instituciones financieras, sanidad o cualquier organización que maneje datos confidenciales, garantizar la legitimidad de los procesos en ejecución es crucial. Este script ofrece una forma racionalizada de automatizar el proceso de verificación, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta inestimable para los administradores de TI y los MSP.
El script para verificar procesos en ejecución
#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Verify that running processes are signed and output unsigned.
.DESCRIPTION
Verify that running processes are signed and output unsigned.
It will exclude processes based on the process name, path, or product name.
The script will output the unsigned processes to the console and save the results to a Multi-Line custom field and a WYSIWYG custom field if specified.
.EXAMPLE
(No Parameters)
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##
Unsigned Processes Found: 2
Name : explorer
Description : Windows Explorer
Path : C:\Windows\explorer.exe
Id : 1234
Signed : NotSigned
Name : notepad
Description : Notepad
Path : C:\Windows\notepad.exe
Id : 5678
Signed : NotSigned
PARAMETER: -ExcludeProcess "explorer.exe"
Exclude the process explorer.exe from the results.
.EXAMPLE
-ExcludeProcess "notepad"
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ExcludeProcess ##
Unsigned Processes Found: 1
Name : explorer
Description : Windows Explorer
Path : C:\Windows\explorer.exe
Id : 1234
Signed : NotSigned
PARAMETER: -ExcludeProcessFromCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyTextCustomField"
Exclude the processes from the custom field specified.
.EXAMPLE
-ExcludeProcessFromCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyTextCustomField"
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ExcludeProcessFromCustomField ##
Unsigned Processes Found: 2
Name : explorer
Description : Windows Explorer
Path : C:\Windows\explorer.exe
Id : 1234
Signed : NotSigned
Name : notepad
Description : Notepad
Path : C:\Windows\notepad.exe
Id : 5678
Signed : NotSigned
PARAMETER: -SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyMultilineCustomField"
Save the results to a Multi-Line custom field specified.
.EXAMPLE
-SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyMultilineCustomField"
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ExcludeProcessFromCustomField ##
Unsigned Processes Found: 2
Name : explorer
Description : Windows Explorer
Path : C:\Windows\explorer.exe
Id : 1234
Signed : NotSigned
Name : notepad
Description : Notepad
Path : C:\Windows\notepad.exe
Id : 5678
Signed : NotSigned
[Info] Attempting to update Multiline Custom Field(ReplaceMeWithAnyMultilineCustomField)
[Info] Updated Multiline Custom Field(ReplaceMeWithAnyMultilineCustomField)
PARAMETER: -SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyMultilineCustomField"
Save the results to a WYSIWYG custom field specified.
.EXAMPLE
-SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField "ReplaceMeWithAnyWysiwygCustomField"
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH ExcludeProcessFromCustomField ##
Unsigned Processes Found: 2
Name : explorer
Description : Windows Explorer
Path : C:\Windows\explorer.exe
Id : 1234
Signed : NotSigned
Name : notepad
Description : Notepad
Path : C:\Windows\notepad.exe
Id : 5678
Signed : NotSigned
[Info] Attempting to update Wysiwyg Custom Field(ReplaceMeWithAnyWysiwygCustomField)
[Info] Updated Wysiwyg Custom Field(ReplaceMeWithAnyWysiwygCustomField)
.OUTPUTS
None
.NOTES
Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2012
Release Notes: Initial Release
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://ninjastage2.wpengine.com/terms-of-use.
Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms.
Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party.
Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider.
Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations.
Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks.
Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script.
EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[String[]]$ExcludeProcess,
[String]$ExcludeProcessFromCustomField,
[String]$SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField,
[String]$SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField
)
begin {
function Test-IsElevated {
$id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
$p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)
$p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
}
function Get-NinjaProperty {
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
[String]$Name,
[Parameter()]
[String]$Type,
[Parameter()]
[String]$DocumentName
)
if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 3) {
throw "PowerShell 3.0 or higher is required to retrieve data from custom fields. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405408656013"
}
# If we're requested to get the field value from a Ninja document we'll specify it here.
$DocumentationParams = @{}
if ($DocumentName) { $DocumentationParams["DocumentName"] = $DocumentName }
# These two types require more information to parse.
$NeedsOptions = "DropDown", "MultiSelect"
# Grabbing document values requires a slightly different command.
if ($DocumentName) {
# Secure fields are only readable when they're a device custom field
if ($Type -Like "Secure") { throw "$Type is an invalid type! Please check here for valid types. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/16973443979789-Command-Line-Interface-CLI-Supported-Fields-and-Functionality" }
# We'll redirect the error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
Write-Host "Retrieving value from Ninja Document..."
$NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Docs-Get -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
# Certain fields require more information to parse.
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Docs-Options -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
}
else {
# We'll redirect error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
$NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $Name 2>&1
# Certain fields require more information to parse.
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Options -Name $Name 2>&1
}
}
# If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.
if ($NinjaPropertyValue.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyValue }
if ($NinjaPropertyOptions.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyOptions }
# This switch will compare the type given with the quoted string. If it matches, it'll parse it further; otherwise, the default option will be selected.
switch ($Type) {
"Attachment" {
# Attachments come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Checkbox" {
# Checkbox's come in as a string representing an integer. We'll need to cast that string into an integer and then convert it to a more traditional boolean.
[System.Convert]::ToBoolean([int]$NinjaPropertyValue)
}
"Date or Date Time" {
# In Ninja Date and Date/Time fields are in Unix Epoch time in the UTC timezone the below should convert it into local time as a date time object.
$UnixTimeStamp = $NinjaPropertyValue
$UTC = (Get-Date "1970-01-01 00:00:00").AddSeconds($UnixTimeStamp)
$TimeZone = [TimeZoneInfo]::Local
[TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTC, $TimeZone)
}
"Decimal" {
# In ninja decimals are strings that represent a decimal this will cast it into a double data type.
[double]$NinjaPropertyValue
}
"Device Dropdown" {
# Device Drop-Downs Fields come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Device MultiSelect" {
# Device Multi-Select Fields come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Dropdown" {
# Drop-Down custom fields come in as a comma-separated list of GUIDs; we'll compare these with all the options and return just the option values selected instead of a GUID.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Options | Where-Object { $_.GUID -eq $NinjaPropertyValue } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
}
"Integer" {
# Cast's the Ninja provided string into an integer.
[int]$NinjaPropertyValue
}
"MultiSelect" {
# Multi-Select custom fields come in as a comma-separated list of GUID's we'll compare these with all the options and return just the option values selected instead of a guid.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Selection = ($NinjaPropertyValue -split ',').trim()
foreach ($Item in $Selection) {
$Options | Where-Object { $_.GUID -eq $Item } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
}
}
"Organization Dropdown" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization Location Dropdown" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization Location MultiSelect" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization MultiSelect" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Time" {
# Time fields are given as a number of seconds starting from midnight. This will convert it into a date time object.
$Seconds = $NinjaPropertyValue
$UTC = ([TimeSpan]::FromSeconds($Seconds)).ToString("hh\:mm\:ss")
$TimeZone = [TimeZoneInfo]::Local
$ConvertedTime = [TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTC, $TimeZone)
Get-Date $ConvertedTime -DisplayHint Time
}
default {
# If no type was given or not one that matches the above types just output what we retrieved.
$NinjaPropertyValue
}
}
}
function Set-NinjaProperty {
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]
[String]$Name,
[Parameter()]
[String]$Type,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
$Value,
[Parameter()]
[String]$DocumentName
)
$Characters = $Value | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
if ($Characters -ge 10000) {
throw [System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException]::New("Character limit exceeded, value is greater than 10,000 characters.")
}
# If we're requested to set the field value for a Ninja document we'll specify it here.
$DocumentationParams = @{}
if ($DocumentName) { $DocumentationParams["DocumentName"] = $DocumentName }
# This is a list of valid fields that can be set. If no type is given, it will be assumed that the input doesn't need to be changed.
$ValidFields = "Attachment", "Checkbox", "Date", "Date or Date Time", "Decimal", "Dropdown", "Email", "Integer", "IP Address", "MultiLine", "MultiSelect", "Phone", "Secure", "Text", "Time", "URL", "WYSIWYG"
if ($Type -and $ValidFields -notcontains $Type) { Write-Warning "$Type is an invalid type! Please check here for valid types. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/16973443979789-Command-Line-Interface-CLI-Supported-Fields-and-Functionality" }
# The field below requires additional information to be set
$NeedsOptions = "Dropdown"
if ($DocumentName) {
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
# We'll redirect the error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Docs-Options -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
}
else {
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Options -Name $Name 2>&1
}
}
# If an error is received it will have an exception property, the function will exit with that error information.
if ($NinjaPropertyOptions.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyOptions }
# The below type's require values not typically given in order to be set. The below code will convert whatever we're given into a format ninjarmm-cli supports.
switch ($Type) {
"Checkbox" {
# While it's highly likely we were given a value like "True" or a boolean datatype it's better to be safe than sorry.
$NinjaValue = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($Value)
}
"Date or Date Time" {
# Ninjarmm-cli expects the Date-Time to be in Unix Epoch time so we'll convert it here.
$Date = (Get-Date $Value).ToUniversalTime()
$TimeSpan = New-TimeSpan (Get-Date "1970-01-01 00:00:00") $Date
$NinjaValue = $TimeSpan.TotalSeconds
}
"Dropdown" {
# Ninjarmm-cli is expecting the guid of the option we're trying to select. So we'll match up the value we were given with a guid.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Selection = $Options | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Value } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty GUID
if (-not $Selection) {
throw [System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException]::New("Value is not present in dropdown")
}
$NinjaValue = $Selection
}
default {
# All the other types shouldn't require additional work on the input.
$NinjaValue = $Value
}
}
# We'll need to set the field differently depending on if its a field in a Ninja Document or not.
if ($DocumentName) {
$CustomField = Ninja-Property-Docs-Set -AttributeName $Name -AttributeValue $NinjaValue @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
else {
$CustomField = $NinjaValue | Ninja-Property-Set-Piped -Name $Name 2>&1
}
if ($CustomField.Exception) {
throw $CustomField
}
}
function Set-WysiwygCustomField {
param (
[string]$Name,
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
[string]$Value
)
end {
# Set the Custom Field
# If the value is greater than 10,000 characters, use the Ninja-Property-Set-Piped function
# Otherwise, use the Ninja-Property-Set function
$CustomField = $Value | Ninja-Property-Set-Piped -Name $Name 2>&1
# Check for errors
if ($CustomField -or $CustomField.Exception) {
# If the Custom Field was not found, throw an error
if ($CustomField -like "Unable to find the specified field." -or $CustomField.Exception -like "Unable to find the specified field.") {
throw "The Custom field ($Name) was not found"
}
# If the Custom Field is read-only, throw an error
if ($CustomField -like "Unable to update read-only attribute" -or $CustomField.Exception -like "Unable to update read-only attribute") {
throw "The Custom field ($Name) is read-only"
}
# Catch all other errors and throw the error
throw $CustomField
}
}
}
# Predefined values for Success, Danger, and Other
$ConvertToWysiwygHtmlSuccess = @("Signed", "Valid")
$ConvertToWysiwygHtmlDanger = @("SignedAndNotTrusted", "NotSigned", "NotTrusted", "HashMismatch")
$ConvertToWysiwygHtmlOther = @("UnknownError", "Incompatible")
# Function to convert the output to a WYSIWYG HTML format
function ConvertTo-WysiwygHtml {
param(
[string]$Title,
[PSObject[]]$Value,
[string[]]$Success = $ConvertToWysiwygHtmlSuccess,
[string[]]$Danger = $ConvertToWysiwygHtmlDanger,
[string[]]$Other = $ConvertToWysiwygHtmlOther
)
begin {
$htmlReport = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[String]
# If used add the Title to the report
if ($Title) {
$htmlReport.Add("<h1>$Title</h1>")
}
}
process {
# Convert the value to HTML
$htmlTable = $Value | ConvertTo-Html -Fragment
# Set the class for each row based on the Success, Danger, and Other values
if ($Success) {
# For each Success value, find the row in the table and add a class of 'success'
$Success | ForEach-Object {
$Status = $_
# Split the table into lines and find the lines that contain the Status
$htmlTable -split "`r`n" | Where-Object {
# Select only lines that have <tr><td>*>$($Status)<*
$_ -like "<tr><td>*>$($Status)<*"
} | ForEach-Object {
# Escape the line for regex
$LineEscaped = [regex]::Escape($_)
if ($_ -like "*$Status*") {
# Replace the line with the line and add a class of 'success'
$htmlTable = $htmlTable -replace $LineEscaped, $($_ -replace "<tr>", "<tr class='success'>")
}
}
}
}
if ($Danger) {
# For each Danger value, find the row in the table and add a class of 'danger'
$Danger | ForEach-Object {
$Status = $_
# Split the table into lines and find the lines that contain the Status
$htmlTable -split "`r`n" | Where-Object {
# Select only lines that have <tr><td>*>$($Status)<*
$_ -like "<tr><td>*>$($Status)<*"
} | ForEach-Object {
# Escape the line for regex
$LineEscaped = [regex]::Escape($_)
if ($_ -like "*$Status*") {
# Replace the line with the line and add a class of 'danger'
$htmlTable = $htmlTable -replace $LineEscaped, $($_ -replace "<tr>", "<tr class='danger'>")
}
}
}
}
if ($Other) {
# For each Other value, find the row in the table and add a class of 'other'
$Other | ForEach-Object {
$Status = $_
# Split the table into lines and find the lines that contain the Status
$htmlTable -split "`r`n" | Where-Object {
# Select only lines that have <tr><td>*>$($Status)<*
$_ -like "<tr><td>*>$($Status)<*"
} | ForEach-Object {
# Escape the line for regex
$LineEscaped = [regex]::Escape($_)
if ($_ -like "*$Status*") {
# Replace the line with the line and add a class of 'other'
$htmlTable = $htmlTable -replace $LineEscaped, $($_ -replace "<tr>", "<tr class='other'>")
}
}
}
}
# Add the Table to the report
$htmlTable | ForEach-Object { $htmlReport.Add($_) }
}
end {
# Return the HTML report
$htmlReport | Out-String
}
}
# Update the script variables with the Script Variables if they are not null
if ($env:excludeProcess -and $env:excludeProcess -notlike "null") {
$ExcludeProcess = $env:excludeProcess
}
if ($env:excludeProcessFromCustomField -and $env:excludeProcessFromCustomField -notlike "null") {
$ExcludeProcessFromCustomField = $env:excludeProcessFromCustomField
}
if ($env:saveResultsToMultilineCustomField -and $env:saveResultsToMultilineCustomField -notlike "null") {
$SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField = $env:saveResultsToMultilineCustomField
}
if ($env:saveResultsToWysiwygCustomField -and $env:saveResultsToWysiwygCustomField -notlike "null") {
$SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField = $env:saveResultsToWysiwygCustomField
}
# If ExcludeProcess is a comma-separated list, split it into an array
if ($ExcludeProcess -like '*,*') {
$ExcludeProcess = $ExcludeProcess -split ',' | ForEach-Object {
if ($_ -like '*,*') {
$_ -split ',' | ForEach-Object { "$_".Trim() }
}
else { "$_".Trim() }
}
}
# If ExcludeProcessFromCustomField is not null, get a list of processes to exclude from the Custom Field
if ($ExcludeProcessFromCustomField -and $ExcludeProcessFromCustomField -notlike "null") {
try {
# Get the processes to exclude from the Custom Field
$TempString = $(Get-NinjaProperty -Name $ExcludeProcessFromCustomField)
# If the Custom Field is empty, throw an error
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($TempString)) {
throw "Empty"
}
# If the Custom Field is a comma-separated list, split it into an array
$ExcludeProcess = $TempString -split ',' | ForEach-Object { "$_".Trim() }
}
catch {
# If the Custom Field is empty, output a warning
if ($_.Exception.Message -like "Empty") {
Write-Host "[Warn] The Custom Field($ExcludeProcessFromCustomField) is empty"
}
else {
# If the Custom Field is Like empty, output an error
Write-Host "[Warn] Failed to get processes to exclude from Custom Field($ExcludeProcessFromCustomField)"
}
}
}
}
process {
if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {
Write-Error -Message "Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges."
exit 1
}
# Get processes and if excluding, look at Name, Path/FileName, and ProductName
$Processes = $(
if ($ExcludeProcess) {
# Output excluded processes
Write-Host "Excluding Processes:"
$ExcludeProcess | Out-String | Write-Host
# Get processes and exclude based on Name, Path/FileName, and ProductName
Get-Process | Where-Object {
$(
$_.Name -notin $ExcludeProcess -and
$(
if ($_.Path) {
Split-Path $_.Path -Leaf
}
else { $_.FileName }
) -notin $ExcludeProcess -and
$_.ProductName -notin $ExcludeProcess
)
}
}
else {
# Get all processes if no exclusion is specified
Get-Process
}
)
# Reduce list to just the paths and get signed status
$ProcessesWithSigned = $Processes | Sort-Object -Unique -Property Path | ForEach-Object {
if ($_.Path) {
# Get the signer certificate
$Signature = Get-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath $_.Path
# Check if the signer certificate is trusted
$Status = if ($Signature.Status -eq "Valid") {
"Signed"
}
else {
$Signature.Status
}
# Output the process name, description, path, id, and signed status
[PSCustomObject]@{
Name = $_.Name
Description = $_.Description
Path = $_.Path
Id = $_.Id
Signed = $Status
}
$Status = $null
}
}
# Get unsigned processes
$Unsigned = $ProcessesWithSigned | Where-Object { $_.Signed -notlike "Signed" }
if ($Unsigned -and $Unsigned.Count) {
# Output number of processes
Write-Host "Unsigned Processes Found: $($Unsigned.Count)"
}
elseif ($Unsigned) {
# Handle edge case where $Unsigned isn't an array of items, but is an object alone
Write-Host "Unsigned Processes Found: 1"
}
else {
# If $Unsigned doesn't have a count and isn't a object, assume there are 0 unsigned processes found
Write-Host "Unsigned Processes Found: 0"
}
# Output unsigned processes for Activity Feed
$Unsigned | Out-String | Write-Host
$HasErrors = $false
# Save results to a Multi-Line custom field
if ($SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField -and $SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField -notlike "null") {
try {
$Unsigned | Out-String | Set-NinjaProperty -Name $SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField
Write-Host "[Info] Updated Multiline Custom Field($SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField)"
}
catch {
if ($_.Exception.Message -like "*Unable to find the specified field*") {
Write-Host "[Error] Unable to find and save to the Custom Field ($SaveResultsToMultilineCustomField)"
}
else {
Write-Host "[Error] ninjarmm-cli returned error: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
$HasErrors = $true
}
}
else {
Write-Host "[Info] Not updating Multiline Custom Field($SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField) due to not being specified or inaccessible."
}
# Save results to a WYSIWYG custom field
if ($SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField -and $SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField -notlike "null") {
try {
ConvertTo-WysiwygHtml -Value $Unsigned | Set-WysiwygCustomField -Name $SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField
Write-Host "[Info] Updated Wysiwyg Custom Field($SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField)"
}
catch {
if ($_.Exception.Message -like "*Unable to find the specified field*") {
Write-Host "[Error] Unable to find and save to the Custom Field ($SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField)"
}
else {
Write-Host "[Error] ninjarmm-cli returned error: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
$HasErrors = $true
}
}
else {
Write-Host "[Info] Not updating Wysiwyg Custom Field($SaveResultsToWysiwygCustomField) due to not being specified or inaccessible."
}
if ($HasErrors) {
exit 1
}
}
end {
}
Cómo funciona el script para verificar procesos en ejecución
El script PowerShell proporcionado está diseñado para verificar las firmas de todos los procesos en ejecución en un sistema Windows e informar sobre aquellos que no están firmados. A continuación se detalla paso a paso el funcionamiento del script:
- Configuración inicial: el script para verificar procesos en ejecución comienza definiendo varias funciones esenciales para su funcionamiento, como comprobar si el script se está ejecutando con privilegios administrativos (Test-IsElevated) y recuperar o establecer campos personalizados en NinjaOne (Get-NinjaProperty y Set-NinjaProperty).
- Gestión de parámetros: el script acepta varios parámetros, lo que permite a los usuarios excluir procesos específicos de la verificación, recuperar listas de exclusión de campos personalizados y guardar los resultados en campos personalizados (tanto en formato multilínea como WYSIWYG).
- Recogida y exclusión de procesos: recopila una lista de todos los procesos en ejecución en el sistema. Si el usuario especifica alguna exclusión (ya sea mediante parámetros directos o campos personalizados), estos procesos se filtran.
- Verificación de firmas: el script comprueba la firma de cada proceso utilizando el cmdlet Get-AuthenticodeSignature. Los procesos que no están firmados o tienen un estado distinto de «Válido» se marcan como no firmados.
- Manipulación de resultados: los procesos no firmados se muestran en la consola y, si se especifica, se guardan en campos personalizados en NinjaOne. El script puede formatear la salida en HTML para campos WYSIWYG, lo que facilita su inclusión en informes o cuadros de mando.
- Tratamiento de errores e informes: el script incluye un completo tratamiento de errores para gestionar problemas como la falta de campos personalizados o la superación del límite de caracteres en los campos personalizados. Todos los errores encontrados se comunican al usuario, lo que garantiza la transparencia.
Caso hipotético
Imagina que un administrador de TI gestiona una red de ordenadores para una entidad financiera. La seguridad es una prioridad absoluta, y el administrador debe asegurarse de que sólo se ejecutan procesos legítimos en todas las máquinas.
Usando este script, el administrador puede verificar regularmente que todos los procesos en ejecución estén firmados, excluir automáticamente los procesos seguros conocidos y reportar cualquier proceso no firmado para una investigación más profunda.
Los resultados se guardan en campos personalizados dentro de NinjaOne, lo que permite al administrador revisar fácilmente los hallazgos y mantener un entorno seguro.
Comparación con otros métodos
Los métodos tradicionales de verificación de los procesos en ejecución pueden implicar comprobaciones manuales mediante herramientas como el Administrador de tareas o software de seguridad de terceros. Sin embargo, estos métodos suelen llevar mucho tiempo y son propensos a errores humanos. En cambio, este script de PowerShell para verificar procesos en ejecución automatiza todo el proceso, proporcionando un método de verificación más rápido y fiable.
Además, la integración del script con los campos personalizados de NinjaOne ofrece una forma perfecta de documentar y realizar un seguimiento de los resultados de la verificación a lo largo del tiempo, algo que no es fácil de conseguir con métodos manuales.
Preguntas frecuentes
¿Qué significa que un proceso no esté firmado?
Un proceso sin firmar significa que el ejecutable que lo ejecuta no tiene una firma digital válida. Esto podría indicar que el proceso procede de una fuente no fiable o ha sido manipulado.
¿Puedo personalizar qué procesos quedan excluidos de la verificación?
Sí, el script te permite excluir procesos específicos por nombre, ruta o nombre de producto, ya sea a través de parámetros o especificando un campo personalizado en NinjaOne.
¿Qué ocurre si el script encuentra un error?
El script para verificar procesos en ejecución incluye un sólido tratamiento de errores. Si encuentra un error, como un campo personalizado que falta o una exclusión de proceso no válida, informará del problema en la salida de la consola.
¿Es este script compatible con todas las versiones de Windows?
El script requiere Windows 10 o Windows Server 2012 y posteriores, con PowerShell versión 5.1 o superiores.
Implicaciones de los resultados del script
Las implicaciones de encontrar procesos sin firmar en un sistema pueden ser importantes. Dichos procesos podrían representar un riesgo para la seguridad, al tratarse potencialmente de malware o software no autorizado.
Al identificar estos procesos, los profesionales de TI pueden tomar medidas para eliminarlos o investigarlos más a fondo, reduciendo así el riesgo de una violación de la seguridad. Ejecutar regularmente este script para verificar procesos en ejecución puede ayudar a mantener un entorno seguro, garantizando que sólo se ejecuta software de confianza en los sistemas críticos.
Buenas prácticas al utilizar este script
- Ejecuta con privilegios de administrador: asegúrate de que el script para verificar procesos en ejecución se ejecuta siempre con privilegios administrativos para permitirle acceso completo a los procesos del sistema.
- Ejecución regular: programa el script para que se ejecute a intervalos regulares, asegurándote de que la verificación del proceso forma parte de tus comprobaciones de seguridad rutinarias.
- Personaliza cuidadosamente las exclusiones: excluye únicamente los procesos conocidos y de confianza para evitar pasar por alto posibles amenazas a la seguridad.
- Revisa los resultados y actúa en consecuencia: revisa siempre los resultados del script cuidadosamente y toma las medidas adecuadas en cualquier proceso no firmado identificado.
Reflexiones finales
En una era en la que las amenazas a la ciberseguridad están en constante evolución, herramientas como este script de PowerShell para verificar procesos en ejecución son esenciales para los profesionales de TI y los MSP. Al automatizar la verificación de los procesos en ejecución y garantizar que sólo estén activos los ejecutables firmados, este script ayuda a mantener la seguridad e integridad de sus sistemas.
Integrado con NinjaOne, se vuelve aún más potente, permitiendo agilizar los informes y las acciones. La incorporación de estas prácticas a tus rutinas de gestión de TI contribuirá significativamente a un entorno de TI seguro y bien mantenido.