La surveillance de l’espace disque est un élément de base de l’assistance informatique proactive, essentiel pour réduire le nombre de tickets et maintenir l’intégrité et la stabilité du système. Le manque d’espace disque peut évidemment être à l’origine d’un grand nombre de problèmes et de plaintes de la part des utilisateurs (défaillances d’applications, pannes complètes du système, etc.). La création d’alertes lorsque les disques tombent en dessous d’un seuil spécifié est un excellent moyen de prévenir ces problèmes. Cet article vous expliquera comment vérifier la capacité du disque et alerter en cas d’espace disque faible, à distance et pour l’ensemble de vos utilisateurs. Comment puis-je vérifier l’espace disque à distance et envoyer une alerte lorsque l’espace disque est faible ?
- Identifiez les lecteurs que vous souhaitez surveiller et ceux que vous souhaitez exclure (le cas échéant).
- Déterminez les seuils d’espace disque que vous souhaitez définir pour chaque type de lecteur.
- Personnalisez le script ci-dessous selon vos besoins.
Ce script PowerShell est conçu pour alerter sur les disques qui sont en dessous d’un pourcentage ou d’une taille spécifiée. Il fait la distinction entre les disques système (ceux utilisés pour démarrer le système d’exploitation) et les disques de données, offrant ainsi une vue d’ensemble de l’utilisation de l’espace disque. Le script est polyvalent et personnalisable, ce qui vous permet de définir des paramètres pour les disques système et les disques de données séparément. Vous pouvez spécifier l’espace disponible minimum à respecter, en pourcentage et en octets, et même exclure certains disques de la vérification. Cette flexibilité est idéale pour tout professionnel de l’informatique ou MSP.
Le script de surveillance de l’espace disque :
#Requires -Version 2.0
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Alert on drive(s) that fall below a specified % or size. Distinguishes between System and Data drives.
.DESCRIPTION
Alert on drive(s) that fall below a specified % or size. Distinguishes between System and Data drives.
The system drive is the drive(s) that are used to boot the OS.
.EXAMPLE
-SystemDriveMinFreePercent 10 -SystemDriveMinFreeBytes 10GB -DataDriveMinFreePercent 20 -DataDriveMinFreeBytes 20GB
This checks all Drives
.EXAMPLE
-ExcludeDrivesCustomField "C,Z" -SystemDriveMinFreePercentCustomField "SystemDriveMinFreePercent" -SystemDriveMinFreeBytes "SystemDriveMinFreeBytes" -DataDriveMinFreePercent "DataDriveMinFreePercent" -DataDriveMinFreeBytes "DataDriveMinFreeBytes"
This checks all Drives, except for C: and Z:.
Use this if you wish to to custom fields to specify the values from roles or globally.
This will pull the values from custom fields that would have otherwise been used from parameters.
.EXAMPLE
-ExcludeDrivesByNameCustomField "NoMonitor" -SystemDriveMinFreePercentCustomField "SystemDriveMinFreePercent" -SystemDriveMinFreeBytes "SystemDriveMinFreeBytes" -DataDriveMinFreePercent "DataDriveMinFreePercent" -DataDriveMinFreeBytes "DataDriveMinFreeBytes"
This checks all Drives, except where a drive name/label contains the text "NoMonitor".
Use this if you wish to to custom fields to specify the values from roles or globally.
This will pull the values from custom fields that would have otherwise been used from parameters.
.EXAMPLE
No Parameters Specified
This checks all Drives with the defaults:
SystemDriveMinFreePercent 10%
SystemDriveMinFreeBytes 10GB
DataDriveMinFreePercent 20%
DataDriveMinFreeBytes 20GB
.OUTPUTS
None
.NOTES
Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2
Release Notes:
Initial Release
(c) 2023 NinjaOne
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://www.ninjaone.com/terms-of-use.
Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms.
Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party.
Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider.
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Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script.
EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter()]
[String]
$ExcludeDrives,
$ExcludeDrivesCustomField, # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
[String]
$ExcludeDrivesByName,
$ExcludeDrivesByNameCustomField, # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
$SystemDriveMinFreePercent = 10,
$SystemDriveMinFreePercentCustomField, # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
$SystemDriveMinFreeBytes = 10GB,
$SystemDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField, # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
$DataDriveMinFreePercent = 20,
$DataDriveMinFreePercentCustomField, # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
$DataDriveMinFreeBytes = 20GB,
$DataDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField # If set, get value from a custom field with this name.
)
begin {
function Get-Size {
param (
[string]$String
)
switch -wildcard ($String) {
'*PB' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1PB; break }
'*TB' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1TB; break }
'*GB' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1GB; break }
'*MB' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1MB; break }
'*KB' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1KB; break }
'*B' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1; break }
'*Bytes' { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1; break }
Default { [int64]$($String -replace '[^d+]+') * 1 }
}
}
function Get-FriendlySize {
param($Bytes)
# Converts Bytes to the highest matching unit
$Sizes = 'Bytes,KB,MB,GB,TB,PB,EB,ZB' -split ','
for ($i = 0; ($Bytes -ge 1kb) -and ($i -lt $Sizes.Count); $i++) { $Bytes /= 1kb }
$N = 2
if ($i -eq 0) { $N = 0 }
if ($Bytes) { "$([System.Math]::Round($Bytes,$N)) $($Sizes[$i])" }else { "0 B" }
}
function Invoke-DiskAlert {
param (
[PSObject[]]$Drives
)
$Drives | ForEach-Object {
$Type = if ($_.IsSystemDrive) { "SystemDrive" }else { "DataDrive" }
$Drive = $_
if ($Drive.totalSpace -and $Drive.freeSpace / $Drive.totalSpace * 100 -lt $Settings."$Type".MinFreePercent) {
Write-Output "$Type ($($Drive.driveName)) free space is under $($Settings."$Type".MinFreePercent)% at $(Get-FriendlySize -Bytes $Drive.freeSpace)"
}
elseif ($Drive.freeSpace -lt $Settings.$Type.MinFreeBytes) {
Write-Output "$Type ($($Drive.driveName)) free space is under $(Get-FriendlySize -Bytes $Settings."$Type".MinFreeBytes) at $(Get-FriendlySize -Bytes $Drive.freeSpace)"
}
}
}
function Get-Drive {
param([string]$DriveName)
if ($(Get-Command -Name "Get-CimInstance")) {
Get-CimInstance -Query "select * from Win32_DiskDrive" | Where-Object { $_.Size } | ForEach-Object {
$d = $_
$d | ForEach-Object {
$Disk = $_
$p = Get-CimInstance -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskDrive.DeviceID='$($Disk.DeviceID)'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"
$p | ForEach-Object {
$Partition = $_
Get-CimInstance -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID='$($Partition.DeviceID)'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition" | ForEach-Object {
$ld = $_
[PSCustomObject]@{
driveName = $ld.DeviceId # C:
IsSystemDrive = if ($p | Where-Object { $_.BootPartition }) { $true }else { $false }
freeSpace = $ld.FreeSpace # in bytes
totalSpace = $ld.Size # in bytes
fileSystem = $ld.FileSystem # NTFS
physicalName = $d.Name # .PHYSICALDRIVE2
diskName = $d.Caption # WDC WD5001AALS-xxxxxx
diskModel = $d.Model # WDC WD5001AALS-xxxxxx
diskInterface = $d.InterfaceType # IDE
mediaStatus = $d.Status # OK
volumeName = $ld.VolumeName # System
volumeSerial = $ld.VolumeSerialNumber # 12345678
}
}
}
}
}
}
else {
Get-WmiObject -Query "select * from Win32_DiskDrive" | Where-Object { $_.Size } | ForEach-Object {
$d = $_
$d | ForEach-Object {
$Disk = $_
$p = Get-WmiObject -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskDrive.DeviceID='$($Disk.DeviceID)'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"
$p | ForEach-Object {
$Partition = $_
Get-WmiObject -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID='$($Partition.DeviceID)'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition" | ForEach-Object {
$ld = $_
[PSCustomObject]@{
driveName = $ld.DeviceId # C:
IsSystemDrive = if ($p | Where-Object { $_.BootPartition }) { $true }else { $false }
freeSpace = $ld.FreeSpace # in bytes
totalSpace = $ld.Size # in bytes
fileSystem = $ld.FileSystem # NTFS
physicalName = $d.Name # .PHYSICALDRIVE2
diskName = $d.Caption # WDC WD5001AALS-xxxxxx
diskModel = $d.Model # WDC WD5001AALS-xxxxxx
diskInterface = $d.InterfaceType # IDE
mediaStatus = $d.Status # OK
volumeName = $ld.VolumeName # System
volumeSerial = $ld.VolumeSerialNumber # 12345678
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
process {
# Get values from parameters
$Settings = [PSCustomObject]@{
SystemDrive = [PSCustomObject]@{
MinFreePercent = if ($env:SystemDriveMinFreePercent) { $env:SystemDriveMinFreePercent -replace '%' }else { $SystemDriveMinFreePercent }
MinFreeBytes = if ($env:SystemDriveMinFreeBytes) { Get-Size -Size $env:SystemDriveMinFreeBytes }else { $SystemDriveMinFreeBytes }
}
DataDrive = [PSCustomObject]@{
MinFreePercent = if ($env:DataDriveMinFreePercent) { $env:DataDriveMinFreePercent -replace '%' }else { $DataDriveMinFreePercent }
MinFreeBytes = if ($env:DataDriveMinFreeBytes) { Get-Size -Size $env:DataDriveMinFreeBytes }else { $DataDriveMinFreeBytes }
}
}
# Get values from custom field
if ($SystemDriveMinFreePercentCustomField) {
$Settings.SystemDrive.MinFreePercent = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $SystemDriveMinFreePercentCustomField
}
if ($SystemDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField) {
$Settings.SystemDrive.MinFreeBytes = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $SystemDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField
}
if ($DataDriveMinFreePercentCustomField) {
$Settings.DataDrive.MinFreePercent = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $DataDriveMinFreePercentCustomField
}
if ($DataDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField) {
$Settings.DataDrive.MinFreeBytes = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $DataDriveMinFreeBytesCustomField
}
if ($env:ExcludeDrives) {
$ExcludeDrives = $env:ExcludeDrives
}
if ($ExcludeDrivesCustomField) {
$ExcludeDrives = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $ExcludeDrivesCustomField
}
if ($env:ExcludeDrivesByName) {
$ExcludeDrivesByName = $env:ExcludeDrivesByName
}
if ($env:ExcludeDrivesByNameCustomField) {
$ExcludeDrivesByNameCustomField = $env:ExcludeDrivesByNameCustomField
}
# System.IO.DriveInfo is usable as far back as .NET 2.0 for Windows 7 compatibility.
# Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.io.driveinfo?view=netstandard-2.0
# Get drives that are in the ready state
$Drives = Get-Drive
$Results = if ($Drives) {
$DrivesFiltered = if ($ExcludeDrivesByName) {
$Drives | Where-Object { $_.volumeName -notlike "*$ExcludeDrivesByName*" }
}
else { $Drive }
if ($ExcludeDrives) {
$DriveAlerts = Invoke-DiskAlert -Drives $DrivesFiltered
$DriveList = if ($ExcludeDrives -like "*,*") {
$ExcludeDrives -split ',' | Sort-Object -Unique
}
else {
$ExcludeDrives -split '' | Sort-Object -Unique | Select-Object -Skip 1
}
$DriveList | ForEach-Object {
$Drive = $_
$DriveAlerts | Where-Object { $_ -notlike "*$($Drive):*" }
}
}
else {
Invoke-DiskAlert -Drives $Drives $DrivesFiltered
}
}
else {
# Should never get here, how was the script executed?!
"No drives found?!" | Out-String | Write-Host
exit 2
}
if ($Results) {
$Results | Out-String | Write-Host
exit 1
}
else {
Write-Host "No drives found with low free space."
exit 0
}
}
end {
$ScriptVariables = @(
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Exclude Drives"
calculatedName = "excludedrives"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "List if mounted drives to exclude from low drive check. Example: CFZ or C,F,Z"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Exclude Drives Custom Field"
calculatedName = "excludedrivescustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. List if mounted drives to exclude from low drive check. Example: CFZ or C,F,Z"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Exclude Drives By Name"
calculatedName = "excludedrivesbyname"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "Exclude drives with with the specified text in it's name/label."
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Exclude Drives By Name Custom Field"
calculatedName = "excludedrivesbynamecustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. Exclude drives with with the specified text in it's name/label."
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "System Drive Minimum Size in Percent"
calculatedName = "systemdriveminfreepercent"
required = $false
defaultValue = [PSCustomObject]@{
type = "TEXT"
value = "10%"
}
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "The percentage of free space to alert on when the OS drive is below this percentage. Example: 50 or 50%"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "System Drive Minimum Size in Bytes"
calculatedName = "systemdriveminfreebytes"
required = $false
defaultValue = [PSCustomObject]@{
type = "TEXT"
value = "10GB"
}
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "The minimum free space to alert on when the OS drive is below this amount. Example: 50GB, 50000MB, or 53687091200"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Data Drive Minimum Size in Percent"
calculatedName = "datadriveminfreepercent"
required = $false
defaultValue = [PSCustomObject]@{
type = "TEXT"
value = "20%"
}
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "The percentage of free space to alert on when a Data drive is below this percentage. Example: 50 or 50%"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Data Drive Minimum Size in Bytes"
calculatedName = "datadriveminfreebytes"
required = $false
defaultValue = [PSCustomObject]@{
type = "TEXT"
value = "20GB"
}
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "The minimum free space to alert on when the Data drive is below this amount. Example: 50GB, 50000MB, or 53687091200"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "System Drive Minimum Size in Percent Custom Field"
calculatedName = "systemdriveminfreepercentcustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. The percentage of free space to alert on when the OS drive is below this percentage. Example: 50 or 50%"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "System Drive Minimum Size in Bytes Custom Field"
calculatedName = "systemdriveminfreebytescustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. The minimum free space to alert on when the OS drive is below this amount. Example: 50GB, 50000MB, or 53687091200"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Data Drive Minimum Size in Percent Custom Field"
calculatedName = "datadriveminfreepercentscustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. The percentage of free space to alert on when a Data drive is below this percentage. Example: 50 or 50%"
}
[PSCustomObject]@{
name = "Data Drive Minimum Size in Bytes Custom Field"
calculatedName = "datadriveminfreebytescustomfield"
required = $false
defaultValue = $null
valueType = "TEXT"
valueList = $null
description = "A custom field to get the value from. The minimum free space to alert on when the Data drive is below this amount. Example: 50GB, 50000MB, or 53687091200"
}
)
$ScriptName = "Condition Low Disk Space Alert"
}
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Fonctionnement du script de surveillance de l’espace disque
Le script commence par recueillir des informations sur tous les disques du système. Il filtre ensuite les disques que vous avez choisi d’exclure, et vérifie les autres en fonction des paramètres que vous avez définis. Si un disque passe en dessous de l’espace disponible minimum à respecter,, le script vous en avertit, ce qui vous permet de prendre des mesures avant que le problème ne soit réel. L’une des caractéristiques les plus remarquables de ce script est sa capacité à extraire des valeurs de champs personnalisés. Cela signifie que vous pouvez spécifier des valeurs globalement ou à partir de rôles, ce qui ajoute un autre niveau de personnalisation au script.
Transformez la gestion informatique grâce à NinjaOne
Bien qu’il soit possible de surveiller l’espace disque strictement à l’aide de PowerShell depuis un ordinateur local, il existe un moyen encore meilleur de gérer vos ressources informatiques, à distance et à grande échelle : NinjaOne. NinjaOne est une plateforme de gestion informatique unifiée qui intègre des étapes de remédiation (à l’aide de scripts si nécessaire) dans des stratégies d’appareil très flexibles qui déterminent quand les seuils d’alerte sont atteints ainsi que les étapes à suivre. NinjaOne donne accès à des centaines de scripts qui peuvent vous être très utiles et vous permet de créer vos propres scripts dans pratiquement n’importe quel langage de script. NinjaOne peut vous aider à surveiller et à gérer tous vos terminaux informatiques à grande échelle et à partir d’un seul tableau de bord. Grâce aux stratégies et aux scripts, vous pouvez automatiser pratiquement toutes les tâches de routine, de l’installation de correctifs logiciels à la génération de rapports, ce qui vous permet de gagner du temps et de gérer les difficultés de façon proactive, avant qu’elles ne se transforment en problèmes.