Gestire i certificati di sistema è un compito critico per i professionisti IT e i Managed Service Provider (MSP). I certificati sono la spina dorsale della comunicazione sicura e la loro corretta gestione è essenziale per mantenere l’integrità e la sicurezza dei sistemi IT. Questo script PowerShell completo è stato progettato per semplificare il processo di ricerca e rimozione dei certificati di sistema in base ai thumbprint, rispondendo a un’esigenza comune nel mondo IT.
Background
I certificati autenticano e criptano i dati per garantire una comunicazione sicura attraverso le reti. Nel corso del tempo, i certificati possono diventare non validi, scaduti o compromessi, rendendo necessaria la loro rimozione. I professionisti IT e gli MSP hanno spesso bisogno di un metodo affidabile per individuare e gestire questi certificati in modo efficiente. Questo script PowerShell fornisce una soluzione affidabile per trovare e gestire i certificati in base ai thumbprint, garantendo che i sistemi rimangano sicuri e conformi.
Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema
#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Returns a list of system certificates that have the specified thumbprints or Removes the certificates with matching thumbprints.
.DESCRIPTION
Returns a list of system certificates that have the specified thumbprints or Removes the certificates with matching thumbprints.
.EXAMPLE
(No Parameters)
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITHOUT PARAMS ##
Does nothing.
.EXAMPLE
PARAMETER: -Thumbprint "AE68D0ADAD2345B48E507320B695D386080E5B25", "BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25"
Returns the found thumbprints matching the input.
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH Thumbprint ##
[Alert] Found certificates:
AE68D0ADAD2345B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
[Alert] Certificates found
.EXAMPLE
PARAMETER: -Thumbprint "BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25" -RemoveMatchingCertificates
Returns the found thumbprints matching the input and Removes the certificates.
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH RemoveMatchingCertificates ##
[Alert] Found certificates:
BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
[Info] Removing certificates
[Info] Removing certificate with thumbprint: BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
[Info] Removed certificate with thumbprint: BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
[Alert] Certificates found
.EXAMPLE
PARAMETER: -Thumbprint "BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25" -CustomField "Thumbprints"
Returns the found thumbprints matching the input and Removes the certificates.
## EXAMPLE OUTPUT WITH RemoveMatchingCertificates ##
[Alert] Found certificates:
BE68D0ADAA2145B48E507320B695D386080E5B25
[Info] Saving thumbprints to custom field: Thumbprints
[Alert] Certificates found
.OUTPUTS
None
.NOTES
Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
Release Notes: Initial Release
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://www.ninjaone.com/it/condizioni-utilizzo
Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms.
Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party.
Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider.
Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations.
Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks.
Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script.
EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
.COMPONENT
Generic-Security
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[string[]]$Thumbprint,
[switch]$RemoveMatchingCertificates,
[string]$CertRevokeList,
[string]$GetCrlFromCustomField,
[string]$CustomField
)
begin {
function Test-IsElevated {
$id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
$p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)
$p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
}
function Set-NinjaProperty {
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]
[String]$Name,
[Parameter()]
[String]$Type,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
$Value,
[Parameter()]
[String]$DocumentName
)
# If we're requested to set the field value for a Ninja document we'll specify it here.
$DocumentationParams = @{}
if ($DocumentName) { $DocumentationParams["DocumentName"] = $DocumentName }
# This is a list of valid fields we can set. If no type is given we'll assume the input doesn't have to be changed in any way.
$ValidFields = "Attachment", "Checkbox", "Date", "Date or Date Time", "Decimal", "Dropdown", "Email", "Integer", "IP Address", "MultiLine", "MultiSelect", "Phone", "Secure", "Text", "Time", "URL"
if ($Type -and $ValidFields -notcontains $Type) { Write-Warning "$Type is an invalid type! Please check here for valid types. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/16973443979789-Command-Line-Interface-CLI-Supported-Fields-and-Functionality" }
# The below field requires additional information in order to set
$NeedsOptions = "Dropdown"
if ($DocumentName) {
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
# We'll redirect the error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Docs-Options -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
}
else {
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Options -Name $Name 2>&1
}
}
# If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.
if ($NinjaPropertyOptions.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyOptions }
# The below type's require values not typically given in order to be set. The below code will convert whatever we're given into a format ninjarmm-cli supports.
switch ($Type) {
"Checkbox" {
# While it's highly likely we were given a value like "True" or a boolean datatype it's better to be safe than sorry.
$NinjaValue = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($Value)
}
"Date or Date Time" {
# Ninjarmm-cli is expecting the time to be representing as a Unix Epoch string. So we'll convert what we were given into that format.
$Date = (Get-Date $Value).ToUniversalTime()
$TimeSpan = New-TimeSpan (Get-Date "1970-01-01 00:00:00") $Date
$NinjaValue = $TimeSpan.TotalSeconds
}
"Dropdown" {
# Ninjarmm-cli is expecting the guid of the option we're trying to select. So we'll match up the value we were given with a guid.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Selection = $Options | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Value } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty GUID
if (-not $Selection) {
throw "Value is not present in dropdown"
}
$NinjaValue = $Selection
}
default {
# All the other types shouldn't require additional work on the input.
$NinjaValue = $Value
}
}
# We'll need to set the field differently depending on if its a field in a Ninja Document or not.
if ($DocumentName) {
$CustomField = Ninja-Property-Docs-Set -AttributeName $Name -AttributeValue $NinjaValue @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
else {
$CustomField = Ninja-Property-Set -Name $Name -Value $NinjaValue 2>&1
}
if ($CustomField.Exception) {
throw $CustomField
}
}
# This function is to make it easier to parse Ninja Custom Fields.
function Get-NinjaProperty {
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
[String]$Name,
[Parameter()]
[String]$Type,
[Parameter()]
[String]$DocumentName
)
if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 3) {
throw "PowerShell 3.0 or higher is required to retrieve data from custom fields. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405408656013"
}
# If we're requested to get the field value from a Ninja document we'll specify it here.
$DocumentationParams = @{}
if ($DocumentName) { $DocumentationParams["DocumentName"] = $DocumentName }
# These two types require more information to parse.
$NeedsOptions = "DropDown", "MultiSelect"
# Grabbing document values requires a slightly different command.
if ($DocumentName) {
# Secure fields are only readable when they're a device custom field
if ($Type -Like "Secure") { throw "$Type is an invalid type! Please check here for valid types. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/16973443979789-Command-Line-Interface-CLI-Supported-Fields-and-Functionality" }
# We'll redirect the error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
Write-Host "Retrieving value from Ninja Document..."
$NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Docs-Get -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
# Certain fields require more information to parse.
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Docs-Options -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
}
}
else {
# We'll redirect error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
$NinjaPropertyValue = Ninja-Property-Get -Name $Name 2>&1
# Certain fields require more information to parse.
if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
$NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Options -Name $Name 2>&1
}
}
# If we received some sort of error it should have an exception property and we'll exit the function with that error information.
if ($NinjaPropertyValue.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyValue }
if ($NinjaPropertyOptions.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyOptions }
# This switch will compare the type given with the quoted string. If it matches, it'll parse it further; otherwise, the default option will be selected.
switch ($Type) {
"Attachment" {
# Attachments come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Checkbox" {
# Checkbox's come in as a string representing an integer. We'll need to cast that string into an integer and then convert it to a more traditional boolean.
[System.Convert]::ToBoolean([int]$NinjaPropertyValue)
}
"Date or Date Time" {
# In Ninja Date and Date/Time fields are in Unix Epoch time in the UTC timezone the below should convert it into local time as a datetime object.
$UnixTimeStamp = $NinjaPropertyValue
$UTC = (Get-Date "1970-01-01 00:00:00").AddSeconds($UnixTimeStamp)
$TimeZone = [TimeZoneInfo]::Local
[TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTC, $TimeZone)
}
"Decimal" {
# In ninja decimals are strings that represent a decimal this will cast it into a double data type.
[double]$NinjaPropertyValue
}
"Device Dropdown" {
# Device Drop-Downs Fields come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Device MultiSelect" {
# Device Multi-Select Fields come in a JSON format this will convert it into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Dropdown" {
# Drop-Down custom fields come in as a comma-separated list of GUIDs; we'll compare these with all the options and return just the option values selected instead of a GUID.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Options | Where-Object { $_.GUID -eq $NinjaPropertyValue } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
}
"Integer" {
# Cast's the Ninja provided string into an integer.
[int]$NinjaPropertyValue
}
"MultiSelect" {
# Multi-Select custom fields come in as a comma-separated list of GUID's we'll compare these with all the options and return just the option values selected instead of a guid.
$Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
$Selection = ($NinjaPropertyValue -split ',').trim()
foreach ($Item in $Selection) {
$Options | Where-Object { $_.GUID -eq $Item } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
}
}
"Organization Dropdown" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization Location Dropdown" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization Location MultiSelect" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Organization MultiSelect" {
# Turns the Ninja provided JSON into a PowerShell Object.
$NinjaPropertyValue | ConvertFrom-Json
}
"Time" {
# Time fields are given as a number of seconds starting from midnight. This will convert it into a datetime object.
$Seconds = $NinjaPropertyValue
$UTC = ([timespan]::fromseconds($Seconds)).ToString("hh\:mm\:ss")
$TimeZone = [TimeZoneInfo]::Local
$ConvertedTime = [TimeZoneInfo]::ConvertTimeFromUtc($UTC, $TimeZone)
Get-Date $ConvertedTime -DisplayHint Time
}
default {
# If no type was given or not one that matches the above types just output what we retrieved.
$NinjaPropertyValue
}
}
}
# Utility function for downloading files.
function Invoke-Download {
param(
[Parameter()]
[String]$URL,
[Parameter()]
[String]$Path,
[Parameter()]
[int]$Attempts = 3,
[Parameter()]
[Switch]$SkipSleep
)
Write-Host "URL given, Downloading the file..."
$SupportedTLSversions = [enum]::GetValues('Net.SecurityProtocolType')
if ( ($SupportedTLSversions -contains 'Tls13') -and ($SupportedTLSversions -contains 'Tls12') ) {
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol::Tls13 -bor [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
}
elseif ( $SupportedTLSversions -contains 'Tls12' ) {
[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
}
else {
# Not everything requires TLS 1.2, but we'll try anyway.
Write-Warning "TLS 1.2 and or TLS 1.3 are not supported on this system. This download may fail!"
if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 3) {
Write-Warning "PowerShell 2 / .NET 2.0 doesn't support TLS 1.2."
}
}
$i = 1
While ($i -le $Attempts) {
# Some cloud services have rate-limiting
if (-not ($SkipSleep)) {
$SleepTime = Get-Random -Minimum 3 -Maximum 15
Write-Host "Waiting for $SleepTime seconds."
Start-Sleep -Seconds $SleepTime
}
if ($i -ne 1) { Write-Host "" }
Write-Host "Download Attempt $i"
try {
# Invoke-WebRequest is preferred because it supports links that redirect, e.g., https://t.ly
if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 4) {
# Downloads the file
$WebClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$WebClient.DownloadFile($URL, $Path)
}
else {
# Standard options
$WebRequestArgs = @{
Uri = $URL
OutFile = $Path
MaximumRedirection = 10
UseBasicParsing = $true
}
# Downloads the file
Invoke-WebRequest @WebRequestArgs
}
$File = Test-Path -Path $Path -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
catch {
Write-Warning "An error has occurred while downloading!"
Write-Warning $_.Exception.Message
if (Test-Path -Path $Path -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
Remove-Item $Path -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
$File = $False
}
if ($File) {
$i = $Attempts
}
else {
Write-Warning "File failed to download."
Write-Host ""
}
$i++
}
if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
Write-Warning "Failed to download file!"
}
else {
return $Path
}
}
function Revoke-Certificate {
param (
$Object,
$Loop = 0
)
$CrlPath = "$TEMP\CertRevokeListScript-$(Get-Date -Format FileDate).crl"
Write-Host "[Info] Revoking certificates with CRL file from Path, URL, or custom field: $Object"
if ($Object -like "http*") {
Write-Host "[Info] Downloading CRL file"
try {
# Download the CRL file
Invoke-Download -URL $Object -Path $CrlPath -SkipSleep -ErrorAction Stop
Write-Host "[Info] Downloaded CRL file to $CrlPath"
# Revoke the certificates
certutil.exe -addstore CA $CrlPath
Write-Host "[Info] Added CRL to the list of revoked certificates"
}
catch {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to download CRL file"
exit 1
}
# Remove the temporary CRL file
try {
Remove-Item -Path $CrlPath -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
}
catch {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to remove temporary CRL file"
exit 1
}
}
elseif ($(Test-Path -Path $Object -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
# Revoke the certificates
Write-Host "[Info] Adding CRL to the list of revoked certificates"
try {
$Object | Set-Content -Path $CrlPath -Force -ErrorAction Stop
# Revoke the certificates
certutil.exe -addstore CA $CrlPath
Write-Host "[Info] Added CRL to the list of revoked certificates"
}
catch {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to revoke certificates with CRL file"
exit 1
}
# Remove the temporary CRL file
try {
Remove-Item -Path $CrlPath -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
}
catch {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to remove temporary CRL file"
exit 1
}
}
else {
$ValueFromCf = Get-NinjaProperty -Name $Object
if (
# Check if Loop is 0 and the value from the custom field is a path or URL
$Loop -eq 0 -and (
$(Test-Path -Path $ValueFromCf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -or
$ValueFromCf -like "http*"
)
) {
# Call Revoke-Certificate if the Custom Field value is a path or URL
# We'll only call Revoke-Certificate once to prevent an infinite loop via $Loop variable
Revoke-Certificate -Object $ValueFromCf -Loop $($Loop + 1)
return
}
$ValueFromCf | Set-Content -Path $CrlPath -Force -ErrorAction Stop
# Revoke the certificates
certutil.exe -addstore CA $CrlPath
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to revoke certificates with CRL file"
exit 1
}
Write-Host "[Info] Added CRL to the list of revoked certificates"
# Remove the temporary CRL file
try {
Remove-Item -Path $CrlPath -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
}
catch {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to remove temporary CRL file"
exit 1
}
}
}
}
process {
if (-not (Test-IsElevated)) {
Write-Error -Message "Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges."
exit 1
}
if ($PSSenderInfo) {
Write-Host "[Error] This script cannot be run in a PSSession. Please run it locally or via Ninja RMM."
exit 1
}
$CertificatesFound = $false
$RemoveError = $false
# Get a list of thumbprints from the environment variable
if ($env:Thumbprints -and $env:Thumbprints -ne "null") {
$Thumbprint = $env:Thumbprints -split ',' | ForEach-Object { "$_".Trim() }
}
elseif ($Thumbprint) {
# Remove any commas from the thumbprint and trim any whitespace
$Thumbprint = $Thumbprint | ForEach-Object { "$($_ -split ',')".Trim() }
}
if ($env:getCrlFromCustomField -and $env:getCrlFromCustomField -ne "null") {
$GetCrlFromCustomField = $env:getCrlFromCustomField
}
# Get crl file path from the environment variable
if ($env:certificateRevokeListPath -and $env:certificateRevokeListPath -ne "null") {
$CertRevokeList = $env:certificateRevokeListPath
}
# Check that Thumbprint or CertRevokeList where specified
if ($Thumbprint) {}
elseif ($CertRevokeList) {}
elseif ($GetCrlFromCustomField) {}
else {
Write-Host "[Error] Thumbprint or CertRevokeList or GetCrlFromCustomField where not specified. Please specify at least one of them."
exit 2
}
# Check if the RemoveMatchingCertificates switch/checkbox was selected
if ($env:removeMatchingCertificates -eq "true") {
$RemoveMatchingCertificates = $true
}
# Get the custom field name from the Script Variable
if ($env:customField) {
$CustomField = $env:customField
}
if ($Thumbprint) {
$Thumbprint = $Thumbprint | ForEach-Object {
if ($_.Length -eq 40 -and $_ -match "^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$") {
Write-Host "[Info] Thumbprint($_) is valid and will be processed."
$_
}
else {
Write-Host "[Warn] Thumbprint($_) is not valid and will be skipped."
}
}
# Loop through all certificates installed on the system
$FoundCertificates = Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\ -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -and $_.Thumbprint -in $Thumbprint }
# Output the found certificates
$OutputThumbprints = if ($FoundCertificates) {
$CertificatesFound = $true
Write-Host "[Alert] Found certificates:"
$FoundCertificates = $FoundCertificates | ForEach-Object {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Thumbprint = $_.Thumbprint
PSPath = $_.PSPath
ExpiryDate = if ($_.NotAfter) { $_.NotAfter.ToShortDateString() }else { "No Expiry Date" }
}
}
if ($FoundCertificates) {
$thumbprint = "Thumbprint"
$path = "Path"
$padding = 40
$centeredThumbprint = $thumbprint.PadLeft(($thumbprint.Length + $padding) / 2).PadRight($padding)
$centeredPath = $path
Write-Host "$centeredThumbprint - $centeredPath - Expires"
}
$FoundCertificates | ForEach-Object {
$CertPath = $_
$CertificatePath = $CertPath.PSPath
# Convert PSPath to how certmgr.mmc formats the path
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace 'LocalMachine\\', 'Local Computer\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\My\\', '\Personal\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\CA\\', '\Intermediate Certification Authorities\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\Root\\', '\Trusted Root Certification Authorities\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\Disallowed\\', '\Untrusted Certificates\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\AuthRoot\\', '\Third-Party Root Certification Authorities\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\TrustedPublisher\\', '\Trusted Publishers\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\ClientAuthIssuer\\', '\Client Authentication Issuers\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\Remote Desktop\\', '\Remote Desktop\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\SmartCardRoot\\', '\Smart Card Trusted Roots\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\TrustedPeople\\', '\Trusted People\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\Trust\\', '\Enterprise Trust\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\REQUEST\\', '\Certificate Enrollment Requests\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\AddressBook\\', '\Other People\'
$CertificatePath = $CertificatePath -replace '\\UserdDS\\', '\Active Directory User Object\'
# Output with the formatted path
"$($CertPath.Thumbprint) - $($CertificatePath -replace 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\\Certificate::') - $($CertPath.ExpiryDate)"
}
}
else {
Write-Host "[Info] No certificates found"
}
if ($OutputThumbprints) {
$OutputThumbprints | Out-String | Write-Host
}
# Remove the certificates if we should
if ($RemoveMatchingCertificates) {
Write-Host "[Info] Removing certificates"
# Loop through all the found certificates
$FoundCertificates | ForEach-Object {
$Certificate = $_
# Remove the certificate
Write-Host "[Info] Removing certificate with path: $($Certificate.PSPath -replace 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\\Certificate::')"
try {
# Remove the certificate and its private key
# More Info: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.security/about/about_certificate_provider?view=powershell-5.1#deleting-certificates-and-private-keys
if ($IsLinux) {
# Only used for testing purposes
Remove-Item -Path $Certificate.PSPath -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
}
else {
Remove-Item -Path $Certificate.PSPath -DeleteKey -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop
}
Write-Host "[Info] Removed certificate with path: $($Certificate.PSPath -replace 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\\Certificate::')"
}
catch {
# Only error if there is only one certificate
# More than one certificate with the same thumbprint is likely already removed
if ($($FoundCertificates | Where-Object { $_ -like $Certificate.Thumbprint }).Count -eq 1) {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to Remove certificate with thumbprint: $($Certificate.Thumbprint)"
$RemoveError = $true
}
else {
Write-Host "[Info] Removed certificate with path: $($Certificate.PSPath -replace 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\\Certificate::')"
}
}
}
}
else {
Write-Host "[Info] Removing certificates is not enabled. Doing nothing."
}
if ($CustomField) {
# Save the found thumbprints to a NinjaRMM custom field
Write-Host "[Info] Saving thumbprints to custom field: $CustomField"
try {
if ($RemoveMatchingCertificates) {
Set-NinjaProperty -Name $CustomField -Value $($OutputThumbprints | ForEach-Object {
# Output just the path
"$("$_" -split ' - ' | Select-Object -Skip 1 -First 1) - Removed from system"
} | Out-String) -Type "MultiLine"
}
else {
Set-NinjaProperty -Name $CustomField -Value $($OutputThumbprints | ForEach-Object {
# Output just the path
"$("$_" -split ' - ' | Select-Object -Skip 1 -First 1)"
} | Out-String) -Type "MultiLine"
}
}
catch {
# If we ran into some sort of error we'll output it here.
Write-Error -Message $_.ToString() -Category InvalidOperation -Exception (New-Object System.Exception)
exit 1
}
}
# Exit with an error when we failed to remove a certificate
if ($RemoveError) {
Write-Host "[Error] Failed to Remove one or more certificates"
exit 1
}
# Exit with an error when we found certificates and we shouldn't remove them
if ($CertificatesFound -and -not $RemoveMatchingCertificates) {
Write-Host "[Alert] Certificates found"
exit 1
}
}
if ($CertRevokeList) {
Revoke-Certificate -Object $CertRevokeList
}
if ($GetCrlFromCustomField) {
Revoke-Certificate -Object $GetCrlFromCustomField
}
# Exit with a success when no certificates were found
exit 0
}
end {
}
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Analisi dettagliata
Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema è un potente strumento in grado di trovare e, facoltativamente, rimuovere i certificati in base ai thumbprint specificati. Ecco una spiegazione passo per passo di come funziona:
1. Inizializzazione e gestione dei parametri
- Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema inizia definendo i parametri necessari, come Thumbprint, RemoveMatchingCertificates, CertRevokeList, GetCrlFromCustomField e CustomField.
- Include funzioni di utilità come Test-IsElevated per verificare la presenza di privilegi amministrativi e Set-NinjaProperty per impostare campi personalizzati in NinjaOne.
2. Verifica dei privilegi amministrativi
- La funzione Test-IsElevated verifica se lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema è in esecuzione con diritti amministrativi, il che è fondamentale per accedere e modificare i certificati di sistema.
3. Elaborazione dei thumbprint
- Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema elabora i thumbprint forniti, assicurandosi che siano validi e formattati correttamente.
- Recupera i certificati dall’archivio dei certificati del computer locale e li filtra in base ai thumbprint specificati.
4. Gestione dei certificati
- Se l’opzione RemoveMatchingCertificates è abilitata, lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema tenta di rimuovere i certificati trovati. Gestisce gli errori, assicurando che qualsiasi problema venga registrato e gestito in modo appropriato.
- Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema può anche salvare i risultati in un campo personalizzato di NinjaOne, facilitando così la gestione e la reportistica.
5. Gestione delle CRL
- Lo script può gestire le liste di revoca dei certificati (CRL) da URL, percorsi locali o campi personalizzati. Scarica ed elabora questi elenchi per revocare i certificati secondo le necessità.
6. Output e logging
- In ogni fase viene fornito un output dettagliato, che garantisce trasparenza e facilità di risoluzione dei problemi. Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema registra i certificati trovati, le azioni di rimozione e gli eventuali errori riscontrati.
Casi d’uso potenziali
Immagina un professionista IT che gestisce una rete aziendale di grandi dimensioni. I certificati vengono utilizzati per proteggere le comunicazioni interne e vari servizi. Il professionista si accorge che alcuni certificati sono prossimi alla scadenza o sono stati compromessi. Utilizzando questo script per gestire i certificati di sistema, può trovare rapidamente questi certificati in base ai loro thumbprint e rimuoverli, assicurando che la rete rimanga sicura.
Confronti
Rispetto ai metodi manuali di gestione dei certificati, questo script per gestire i certificati di sistema offre notevoli vantaggi:
- Efficienza: Automatizza il processo di ricerca e rimozione dei certificati, facendo risparmiare tempo e riducendo il rischio di errori umani.
- Precisione: Assicura che solo i certificati con i thumbprint specificati siano interessati, evitando modifiche involontarie ad altri certificati.
- Integrazione: Può integrarsi con NinjaOne, consentendo una gestione e una reportistica fluide all’interno di un quadro di gestione IT più ampio.
Domande frequenti
D: Cos’è il thumbprint e perché è importante?
R: Il thumbprint è un identificativo univoco per un certificato, utilizzato per garantire che venga gestito il certificato corretto.
D: Questo script per gestire i certificati di sistema può essere eseguito su qualsiasi versione di Windows?
R: Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema richiede Windows 10 o Windows Server 2016 e versioni successive.
D: Cosa succede se lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema non viene eseguito con privilegi amministrativi?
R: Lo script per gestire i certificati di sistema non riuscirà a eseguire azioni che richiedono diritti amministrativi, come la rimozione dei certificati.
D: Questo script per gestire i certificati di sistema può gestire certificati da campi personalizzati in NinjaOne?
R: Sì, può recuperare ed elaborare i certificati utilizzando i campi personalizzati di NinjaOne.
Implicazioni
Grazie a questo script, i professionisti IT possono garantire una corretta gestione dei certificati, riducendo il rischio di violazioni della sicurezza dovute a certificati scaduti o compromessi. Questo approccio proattivo alla processo per gestire i certificati di sistema migliora la sicurezza generale dell’organizzazione.
Raccomandazioni
- Effettua audit regolari: Esegui regolarmente lo script per verificare e gestire i certificati, assicurandoti che non rimangano certificati scaduti o non validi nel sistema.
- Backup: Esegui sempre un backup dell’archivio dei certificati prima di apportare modifiche, per consentire il ripristino in caso di errori.
- Integrazione: Utilizza le possibilità di integrazione dello script per gestire i certificati di sistema con NinjaOne per una gestione e una reportistica complete.
Considerazioni finali
Questo script PowerShell è uno strumento prezioso per i professionisti IT e gli MSP, in quanto semplifica il processo per cercare e gestire i certificati di sistema in base ai loro thumbprint. Grazie all’integrazione con NinjaOne, offre una soluzione potente per mantenere la sicurezza e la conformità in un ambiente aziendale. La solida piattaforma NinjaOne, combinata con questo script, fornisce un approccio completo alla gestione dell’IT, garantendo che i certificati siano gestiti in modo efficiente e sicuro.
