Guida all’uso di PowerShell per i report sulle estensioni dei file nella gestione IT

Nell’attuale panorama digitale, la gestione efficiente dei file è fondamentale per i professionisti IT e i Managed Service Provider (MSP). La possibilità di generare report sulle estensioni dei file all’interno di directory specifiche può semplificare le operazioni, migliorare la sicurezza e aiutare a mantenere l’igiene del sistema. In questo articolo analizzeremo uno script PowerShell progettato per automatizzare questa attività, assicurando ai professionisti IT la possibilità di individuare e documentare senza problemi i file in varie directory basandosi sulla loro estensione.

Background

Gli script PowerShell sono strumenti preziosi per gli amministratori IT, in quanto forniscono l’automazione necessaria per gestire attività complesse con precisione e facilità. Questo particolare script si concentra sulla generazione di report dettagliati basati sulle estensioni dei file all’interno di directory e sottodirectory specificate dall’utente. Sfruttando questo script, i professionisti dell’IT possono identificare rapidamente tipi di file specifici, facilitando così attività come i controlli software, le verifiche di conformità e le valutazioni di sicurezza.

Lo script per generare report sulle estensioni dei file

#Requires -Version 5.1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Creates a report based on the files found in the directory or subdirectory you specified with your desired extension.
.DESCRIPTION
    Creates a report based on the files found in the directory or subdirectory you specified with your desired extension.
.EXAMPLE
    -Extensions ".exe" -SearchPaths "C:\Users\tuser\Downloads"
    
    Searching C:\Users\tuser\Downloads for files with extension '.exe'...
    No files found with extension .exe!


PARAMETER: -Extensions "exe, .ico"
    A comma-separated list of extensions to search for. You can use the * character as a wildcard.

PARAMETER: -SearchPaths "C:\Replace\Me\With\Valid\Path"
    Enter the starting directories for the search, separated by commas. This will include all subdirectories as well.

PARAMETER: -MultiLineField "ReplaceMeWithNameOfMultilineCustomField"
    Optional multiline field to record search results. Leave blank if unused.

PARAMETER: -WysiwygField "ReplaceMeWithNameOfWYSIWYGCustomField"
    Optional WYSIWYG field to record search results. Leave blank if unused.

PARAMETER: -ScanSystemDrive
    This will set the system drive (usually drive C:\) as the starting point for the search.

PARAMETER: -ScanAllDrives
    This will set all drives (including flash drives) as the starting point for the search.
.NOTES
    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
    Release Notes: Initial Release
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://www.ninjaone.com/it/condizioni-utilizzo
    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. 
    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. 
    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. 
    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. 
    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. 
    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. 
    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param (
    [Parameter()]
    [String]$Extensions,
    [Parameter()]
    [String]$SearchPaths,
    [Parameter()]
    [String]$MultiLineField,
    [Parameter()]
    [String]$WysiwygField,
    [Parameter()]
    [Switch]$ScanSystemDrive = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($env:scanSystemDrive),
    [Parameter()]
    [Switch]$ScanAllDrives = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($env:scanAllDrives)
)
begin {
    # Set parameters using dynamic script variables.
    if ($env:fileExtension -and $env:fileExtension -notlike "null") { $Extensions = $env:fileExtension }
    if ($env:searchPath -and $env:searchPath -notlike "null") { $SearchPaths = $env:searchPath }
    if ($env:multilineCustomField -and $env:multilineCustomField -notlike "null") { $MultiLineField = $env:multilineCustomField }
    if ($env:wysiwygCustomField -and $env:wysiwygCustomField -notlike "null") { $WysiwygField = $env:wysiwygCustomField }

    # Check if no extensions were specified and exit with an error if true.
    if (-not $Extensions) {
        Write-Host -Object "[Error] Missing extension to search for!"
        exit 1
    }

    # Verify that WysiwygField and MultiLineField are not the same, exiting with an error if they are.
    if ($WysiwygField -and $MultiLineField -and ($WysiwygField -eq $MultiLineField)) {
        Write-Host -Object "[Error] Wysiwyg Field and Multiline Field are the same! Custom fields cannot be the same type."
        Write-Host -Object "https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/18601842971789-Custom-Fields-by-Type-and-Functionality"
        exit 1
    }

    # Initialize a list to store the extensions to search for.
    $ExtensionsToSearch = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
    # Split the extensions if they are comma-separated and trim whitespace.
    if ($Extensions -match ",") {
        $Extensions -split "," | ForEach-Object { $ExtensionsToSearch.Add($_.Trim()) }
    }
    else {
        $ExtensionsToSearch.Add($Extensions.Trim())
    }
    
    # Initialize a list to keep track of extensions that need to be replaced (adding a leading dot if missing).
    $ExtensionsToReplace = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
    $ExtensionsToSearch | ForEach-Object {
        if ($_ -notmatch "^\.") {
            $NewExtension = ".$_"

            $ExtensionsToReplace.Add(
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Index        = $ExtensionsToSearch.IndexOf("$_")
                    NewExtension = $NewExtension
                }
            )
                
            Write-Warning "Missing . for extension. Changing extension search to '$NewExtension'."
        }
    }

    # Apply the replacements for extensions that were missing a leading dot.
    $ExtensionsToReplace | ForEach-Object {
        $ExtensionsToSearch[$_.index] = $_.NewExtension 
    }

    # Check if no search locations were specified and exit with an error if true.
    if (!$SearchPaths -and !$ScanSystemDrive -and !$ScanAllDrives) {
        Write-Host -Object "[Error] Missing somewhere to search!"
        exit 1
    }

    # If scanning all drives, ignore specific paths and the system drive flag.
    if ($ScanAllDrives) {
        $ScanSystemDrive = $false
        $SearchPaths = $Null
    }

    # Initialize a list for paths to search.
    $PathsToSearch = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
    # Split the search paths if they are comma-separated and trim whitespace.
    if ($SearchPaths -match ",") {
        $SearchPaths -split "," | ForEach-Object { $PathsToSearch.Add($_.Trim()) }
    }
    elseif ($SearchPaths) {
        $PathsToSearch.Add($SearchPaths)
    }

    # Add the system drive to the search paths if specified.
    if ($ScanSystemDrive) {
        if ($env:SystemDrive -notmatch '^[A-Z]:\\$' -and $env:SystemDrive -match '^[A-Z]:$') {
            $PathsToSearch.Add("$env:SystemDrive\")
        }
        else {
            $PathsToSearch.Add($env:SystemDrive)
        }
    }

    # Add all filesystem drives to the search paths if scanning all drives.
    if ($ScanAllDrives) {
        Get-PSDrive -PSProvider FileSystem | Where-Object { $_.Free -and $_.Used } | ForEach-Object {
            if ($_.Root -notmatch '^[A-Z]:\\$' -and $_.Root -match '^[A-Z]:$') {
                $PathsToSearch.Add("$($_.Root)\")
            }
            else {
                $PathsToSearch.Add($_.Root)
            }
        }
    }

    # Initialize a list for paths that need to be corrected (adding a trailing backslash if missing).
    $ReplacementPaths = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[Object]

    # Check each path and add a backslash if it's missing.
    $PathsToSearch | ForEach-Object {
        if ($_ -notmatch '^[A-Z]:\\$' -and $_ -match '^[A-Z]:$') {
            $NewPath = "$_\"
            $ReplacementPaths.Add(
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Index   = $PathsToSearch.IndexOf("$_")
                    NewPath = $NewPath
                }
            )
                
            Write-Warning "Backslash missing from the search path. Changing it to $NewPath."
        }
    }

    # Apply the path corrections.
    $ReplacementPaths | ForEach-Object {
        $PathsToSearch[$_.index] = $_.NewPath 
    }

    # Function to test if the script is running with elevated permissions.
    function Test-IsElevated {
        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)
        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
    }

    # Handy function to set a custom field.
    function Set-NinjaProperty {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        Param(
            [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]
            [String]$Name,
            [Parameter()]
            [String]$Type,
            [Parameter(Mandatory = $True, ValueFromPipeline = $True)]
            $Value,
            [Parameter()]
            [String]$DocumentName
        )

        $Characters = $Value | Out-String | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
        if ($Characters -ge 200000) {
            throw [System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException]::New("Character limit exceeded, value is greater than or equal to 200,000 characters.")
        }
    
        # If we're requested to set the field value for a Ninja document we'll specify it here.
        $DocumentationParams = @{}
        if ($DocumentName) { $DocumentationParams["DocumentName"] = $DocumentName }
    
        # This is a list of valid fields that can be set. If no type is given, it will be assumed that the input doesn't need to be changed.
        $ValidFields = "Attachment", "Checkbox", "Date", "Date or Date Time", "Decimal", "Dropdown", "Email", "Integer", "IP Address", "MultiLine", "MultiSelect", "Phone", "Secure", "Text", "Time", "URL", "WYSIWYG"
        if ($Type -and $ValidFields -notcontains $Type) { Write-Warning "$Type is an invalid type! Please check here for valid types. https://ninjarmm.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/16973443979789-Command-Line-Interface-CLI-Supported-Fields-and-Functionality" }
    
        # The field below requires additional information to be set
        $NeedsOptions = "Dropdown"
        if ($DocumentName) {
            if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
                # We'll redirect the error output to the success stream to make it easier to error out if nothing was found or something else went wrong.
                $NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Docs-Options -AttributeName $Name @DocumentationParams 2>&1
            }
        }
        else {
            if ($NeedsOptions -contains $Type) {
                $NinjaPropertyOptions = Ninja-Property-Options -Name $Name 2>&1
            }
        }
    
        # If an error is received it will have an exception property, the function will exit with that error information.
        if ($NinjaPropertyOptions.Exception) { throw $NinjaPropertyOptions }
    
        # The below type's require values not typically given in order to be set. The below code will convert whatever we're given into a format ninjarmm-cli supports.
        switch ($Type) {
            "Checkbox" {
                # While it's highly likely we were given a value like "True" or a boolean datatype it's better to be safe than sorry.
                $NinjaValue = [System.Convert]::ToBoolean($Value)
            }
            "Date or Date Time" {
                # Ninjarmm-cli expects the GUID of the option to be selected. Therefore, the given value will be matched with a GUID.
                $Date = (Get-Date $Value).ToUniversalTime()
                $TimeSpan = New-TimeSpan (Get-Date "1970-01-01 00:00:00") $Date
                $NinjaValue = $TimeSpan.TotalSeconds
            }
            "Dropdown" {
                # Ninjarmm-cli is expecting the guid of the option we're trying to select. So we'll match up the value we were given with a guid.
                $Options = $NinjaPropertyOptions -replace '=', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv -Header "GUID", "Name"
                $Selection = $Options | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $Value } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty GUID
    
                if (-not $Selection) {
                    throw [System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException]::New("Value is not present in dropdown")
                }
    
                $NinjaValue = $Selection
            }
            default {
                # All the other types shouldn't require additional work on the input.
                $NinjaValue = $Value
            }
        }
    
        # We'll need to set the field differently depending on if its a field in a Ninja Document or not.
        if ($DocumentName) {
            $CustomField = Ninja-Property-Docs-Set -AttributeName $Name -AttributeValue $NinjaValue @DocumentationParams 2>&1
        }
        else {
            $CustomField = $NinjaValue | Ninja-Property-Set-Piped -Name $Name 2>&1
        }
    
        if ($CustomField.Exception) {
            throw $CustomField
        }
    }

    $ExitCode = 0
}
process {
    # Check if the script is running with Administrator privileges. Exit with an error message if not.
    if (!(Test-IsElevated)) {
        Write-Host -Object "[Error] Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges."
        exit 1
    }

    # Remove illegal extensions
    $ExtensionsToRemove = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[String]
    $invalidExtensions = '[<>:"/\\|\x00-\x1F]|\.$'
    $ExtensionsToSearch | ForEach-Object {
        if($_ -match $invalidExtensions){
            Write-Host -Object "[Error] Extension $_ contains one of the following invalid characters or ends in a period. '\:<>`"/|'"
            $ExtensionsToRemove.Add($_)
            $ExitCode = 1
        }
    }

    # Actual removal
    $ExtensionsToRemove | ForEach-Object {
        $ExtensionsToSearch.Remove($_) | Out-Null
    }

    # Exit the script if there are no valid extensions left to search.
    if ($ExtensionsToSearch.Count -eq 0) {
        Write-Host "[Error] No valid extensions to search!"
        exit 1
    }

    # Initialize lists to store information about paths and errors.
    $CustomFieldErrorInfo = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]

    # These characters are not valid for a search path.
    $invalidSearchPathCharacters = '[<>"/|?\x00-\x1F]'

    # Initialize a generic list to store paths that don't exist and should be removed from the search.
    $PathsToRemove = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[String]
    # Check each path in the search list to ensure it exists. Collect paths that don't exist for removal.
    $PathsToSearch | ForEach-Object {
        if($_ -match $invalidSearchPathCharacters){
            Write-Host -Object "[Error] Path $_ contains one of the following invalid characters. '<>`"/|'"
            $PathsToRemove.Add($_)
            $ExitCode = 1
            return
        }

        if (!(Test-Path $_)) {
            Write-Host -Object "[Error] $_ does not exist!"
            $PathsToRemove.Add($_)
            $ExitCode = 1
        }
    }

    # Remove non-existing paths from the search list.
    $PathsToRemove | ForEach-Object {
        $PathsToSearch.Remove($_) | Out-Null
    }

    # Exit the script if there are no valid paths left to search.
    if ($PathsToSearch.Count -eq 0) {
        Write-Host "[Error] No valid paths to search!"
        exit 1
    }

    # Initialize a list to keep track of the search jobs created.
    $SearchJobs = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]

    # Create and start a PowerShell job for each path and extension combination.
    foreach ($Path in $PathsToSearch) {
        foreach ($Extension in $ExtensionsToSearch) {
            Write-Host "Searching '$Path' for files with extension '$Extension'..."
            $SearchJobs.Add(
                (
                    Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
                        param($Path, $Extension)

                        # Defines a function to convert file sizes to a human-readable format.
                        function Get-FriendlySize {
                            param($Bytes)
                            # Converts Bytes to the highest matching unit
                            $Sizes = 'Bytes,KB,MB,GB,TB,PB,EB,ZB' -split ','
                            for ($i = 0; ($Bytes -ge 1kb) -and ($i -lt $Sizes.Count); $i++) { $Bytes /= 1kb }
                            $N = 2
                            if ($i -eq 0) { $N = 0 }
                            if ($Bytes) { "$([System.Math]::Round($Bytes,$N)) $($Sizes[$i])" }else { "0 B" }
                        }

                        # Search for files matching the extension and output their details in CSV format.
                        Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter "*$Extension" -Recurse -File -Force | Select-Object Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Length, @{Name = "Size"; Expression = { Get-FriendlySize $_.Length } } | ConvertTo-Csv
                    } -ArgumentList $Path, $Extension
                )
            )
        }
    }

    # Wait for all search jobs to complete or timeout after 9000 seconds (2.5 hours).
    $SearchJobs | Wait-Job -Timeout 9000 | Out-Null

    # Check for incomplete jobs due to timeout and log an error.
    $IncompleteJobs = $SearchJobs | Get-Job | Where-Object { $_.State -eq "Running" }
    if ($IncompleteJobs) {
        Write-Host "[Error] The timeout period of 2.5 hours has been reached, but not all files or directories have been searched!"
        $CustomFieldErrorInfo.Add("[Error] The timeout period of 2.5 hours has been reached, but not all files or directories have been searched!")
        $ExitCode = 1
    }

    # Collect and process the output from each search job.
    $MatchingItems = $SearchJobs | ForEach-Object {
        $_ | Get-Job | Receive-Job -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable JobErrors | ConvertFrom-Csv
    }

    # Clear out duplicate entries
    if ($MatchingItems) {
        $MatchingItems = $MatchingItems | Sort-Object FullName -Unique
    }

    # Check for jobs that failed to complete successfully and log errors.
    $FailedJobs = $SearchJobs | Get-Job | Where-Object { $_.State -ne "Completed" }
    if ($JobErrors -or $FailedJobs) {
        $CustomFieldErrorInfo.Add("[Error] Failed to search certain directories due to an error.")

        if ($JobErrors) {
            $JobErrors | ForEach-Object { 
                $CustomFieldErrorInfo.Add("[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)")
            }
        }
        $ExitCode = 1
    }

    # Process and attempt to set custom field values based on search results and errors, with specific handling for multiline fields.
    # Truncate data if it exceeds character limits for the fields.
    if ($MultiLineField -and $MatchingItems) {
        try {
            Write-Host "Attempting to set Custom Field '$MultiLineField'."

            # Prepare the custom field output.
            $CustomFieldValue = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]

            # We don't want to edit the matching items array if we have to truncate later so we'll create a duplicate here.
            $CustomFieldList = $MatchingItems | Select-Object -Property Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Size

            # Format the matching items into a nice list with the relevant properties.
            $CustomFieldValue.Add(($CustomFieldList | Format-List -Property Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Size | Out-String))
            
            # If any errors were encountered in the search add them to the bottom of the custom field output.
            $CustomFieldErrorInfo | ForEach-Object {
                $CustomFieldValue.Add($_)
            }
            
            # Check that the output complies with the hard character limits.
            $Characters = $CustomFieldValue | Out-String | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
            if ($Characters -ge 9500) {
                Write-Warning "10,000 Character Limit has been reached! Trimming output until the character limit is satisified..."
                
                # If it doesn't comply with the limits we'll need to recreate it with some adjustments.
                $i = 0
                do {
                    # Recreate the custom field output starting with a warning that we truncated the output.
                    $CustomFieldValue = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
                    $CustomFieldValue.Add("This info has been truncated to accommodate the 10,000 character limit.")
                    
                    # The custom field information is sorted in alphabetical order. We'll flip the array upside down to sort it in reverse alphabetical.
                    [array]::Reverse($CustomFieldList)

                    # Remove the next item which in this case will be the smallest item.
                    $CustomFieldList[$i] = $null
                    $i++

                    # We'll flip the array back to right side up.
                    [array]::Reverse($CustomFieldList)

                    # Add it back to the output.
                    $CustomFieldValue.Add(($CustomFieldList | Format-List -Property Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Size | Out-String))
                    # Finish with adding any errors we encountered during the search.
                    $CustomFieldErrorInfo | ForEach-Object {
                        $CustomFieldValue.Add($_)
                    }

                    # Check that we now comply with the character limit. If not restart the do loop.
                    $Characters = $CustomFieldValue | Out-String | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
                }while ($Characters -ge 9500)
            }

            # Set the custom field.
            Set-NinjaProperty -Name $MultiLineField -Value $CustomFieldValue
            Write-Host "Successfully set Custom Field '$MultiLineField'!"
        }
        catch {
            Write-Host "[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)"
            $ExitCode = 1
        }
    }

    # Process and attempt to set custom field values based on search results and errors, with specific handling for WYSIWYG fields.
    # Truncate data if it exceeds character limits for the fields.
    if ($WysiwygField -and $MatchingItems) {
        try {
            Write-Host "Attempting to set Custom Field '$WysiwygField'."

            # Prepare the custom field output.
            $CustomFieldValue = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]

            # Convert the matching items into an html report.
            $htmlTable = $MatchingItems | Select-Object -Property Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Size | ConvertTo-Html -Fragment
            
            # Add the newly created html into the custom field output.
            $CustomFieldValue.Add($htmlTable)
            # If any errors were encountered in the search add them to the bottom of the custom field output.
            $CustomFieldErrorInfo | ForEach-Object {
                $CustomFieldValue.Add($_)
            }

            # Check that the output complies with the hard character limits.
            $Characters = $CustomFieldValue | Out-String | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
            if ($Characters -ge 199500) {
                Write-Warning "200,000 Character Limit has been reached! Trimming output until the character limit is satisified..."
                
                # If it doesn't comply with the limits we'll need to recreate it with some adjustments.
                $i = 0
                do {
                    # Recreate the custom field output starting with a warning that we truncated the output.
                    $CustomFieldValue = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[string]
                    $CustomFieldValue.Add("<h1>This info has been truncated to accommodate the 200,000 character limit.</h1>")

                    # The custom field information is sorted in alphabetical order. We'll sort it into reverse alphabetical by flipping the array upside down.
                    [array]::Reverse($htmlTable)
                    # If the next entry is a row we'll delete it.
                    if ($htmlTable[$i] -match '<tr><td>') {
                        $htmlTable[$i] = $null
                    }
                    $i++
                    # We'll flip the array back to right side up.
                    [array]::Reverse($htmlTable)

                    # Add it back to the output.
                    $CustomFieldValue.Add($htmlTable)
                    # Finish with adding any errors we encountered during the search.
                    $CustomFieldErrorInfo | ForEach-Object {
                        $CustomFieldValue.Add($_)
                    }
                    # Check that we now comply with the character limit. If not restart the do loop.
                    $Characters = $CustomFieldValue | Out-String | Measure-Object -Character | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Characters
                }while ($Characters -ge 199500)
            }

            # Set the custom field.
            Set-NinjaProperty -Name $WysiwygField -Value $CustomFieldValue
            Write-Host "Successfully set Custom Field '$WysiwygField'!"
        }
        catch {
            Write-Host "[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)"
            $ExitCode = 1
        }
    }

    # Output the results of our search into the activity log.
    if (!$MatchingItems) {
        Write-Host "No files found with extension $Extension!"
    }
    else {
        Write-Host "Files found!"
        $MatchingItems | Format-List -Property Name, FullName, CreationTime, LastWriteTime, Size | Out-String | Write-Host
    }

    # If we encountered any errors during the search we'll output them here.
    if ($JobErrors -or $FailedJobs) {
        Write-Host ""
        Write-Host "[Error] Failed to search certain directories due to an error."

        if ($JobErrors) {
            Write-Host ""

            $JobErrors | ForEach-Object {
                Write-Host "[Error] $($_.Exception.Message)" 
            }
        }
        $ExitCode = 1
    }

    # Remove all jobs to clean up.
    $SearchJobs | Get-Job | Remove-Job -Force

    # Exit the script with the appropriate exit code
    exit $ExitCode
}
end {
    
    
     
}

 

Analisi dettagliata

Sinossi dello script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file

Lo script è progettato per cercare nelle directory i file con estensioni specifiche e creare un report completo. Accetta vari parametri, tra cui le estensioni da cercare, le directory in cui cercare e i campi personalizzati opzionali per la registrazione dei risultati.

Parametri

1. Estensioni: Un elenco separato da virgole di estensioni di file da cercare. Sono supportati i caratteri jolly.
2. Percorsi di ricerca: Directory in cui avviare la ricerca, comprese tutte le sottodirectory.
3. Campo multilinea: Un campo multilinea opzionale per la registrazione dei risultati della ricerca.
4. WysiwygField: Un campo WYSIWYG opzionale per registrare i risultati della ricerca.
5. ScanSystemDrive: Uno switch per impostare l’unità di sistema come punto di partenza.
6. ScanAllDrives: Uno switch per impostare tutte le unità, comprese le unità flash, come punto di partenza.

Esecuzione dello script

1. Convalida dei parametri: Lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file inizia con la convalida dei parametri di ingresso. Assicura che vengano fornite estensioni e percorsi di ricerca validi. Inoltre, imposta dinamicamente i parametri utilizzando le variabili d’ambiente, se disponibili.
2. Estensione e preparazione del percorso: Formatta correttamente le estensioni e i percorsi di ricerca aggiungendo i punti e i backslash mancanti. Le estensioni e i percorsi non validi vengono identificati e rimossi.
3. Controllo dei privilegi: Lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file controlla se è in esecuzione con permessi elevati, terminando se non è così.
4. Inizializzazione della ricerca: Crea un elenco di processi di ricerca per ogni combinazione di percorsi ed estensioni. Ogni processo cerca nel percorso specificato i file con l’estensione indicata.
5. Raccolta ed elaborazione dei risultati: Lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file raccoglie i risultati della ricerca, rimuove i duplicati e li formatta per l’output. Gestisce inoltre potenziali errori e timeout durante la ricerca.
6. Impostazione del campo personalizzato: Se specificato, lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file tenta di impostare i risultati nei campi personalizzati indicati (MultiLineField e WysiwygField), assicurandosi che i dati rispettino i limiti di caratteri.
7. Uscita e pulizia: Infine, lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file invia i risultati della ricerca alla console e ripulisce i dati di tutti i processi prima di uscire.

Casi d’uso potenziali

Scenario ipotetico

Immagina un professionista IT di un’azienda di medie dimensioni che deve controllare tutti i file eseguibili presenti in rete. Eseguendo questo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file con il parametro -Extensions “.exe” e specificando le directory di rete, può generare rapidamente un report dettagliato di tutti i file eseguibili, compresi i loro percorsi, tempi di creazione e dimensioni. Questo report può essere utilizzato per garantire la conformità ai criteri aziendali e identificare le installazioni di software non autorizzate.

Confronti

Metodi tradizionali e script PowerShell a confronto

Tradizionalmente, la ricerca dei file in base all’estensione può comportare una ricerca manuale nelle directory o l’uso di strumenti di base a riga di comando, che possono richiedere molto tempo ed essere soggetti a errori. Questo script PowerShell automatizza il processo per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file, fornisce una reportistica completa e gestisce gli errori, caratteristiche che lo rendono di gran lunga migliore rispetto ai metodi manuali o agli script più semplici.

Domande frequenti

1) Cosa succede se non vengono specificate estensioni?

Lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file uscirà con un errore, indicando che è necessaria un’estensione per la ricerca.

2) Posso cercare in più directory contemporaneamente?

Sì, fornendo un elenco di directory separate da virgole nel parametro -SearchPaths, lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file cercherà in ogni directory specificata e nelle sue sottodirectory.

3) E se volessi cercare in tutte le unità del sistema?

Utilizzando il parametro -ScanAllDrives, lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file includerà nella ricerca tutte le unità disponibili, comprese le unità flash.

4) Come gestisce lo script grandi quantità di dati?

Lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file include meccanismi per troncare l’output se supera i limiti di caratteri per i campi personalizzati, assicurando che i risultati rimangano gestibili ed entro i limiti del sistema.

Implicazioni

Sicurezza e conformità

Utilizzando questo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file, i professionisti IT possono migliorare la sicurezza identificando rapidamente i file potenzialmente dannosi o non autorizzati. Le verifiche periodiche effettuate con questo script possono contribuire a mantenere la conformità ai criteri organizzativi e ai requisiti normativi.

Raccomandazioni

• Effettua audit regolari: Esegui regolarmente lo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file per mantenere un inventario aggiornato di tipi di file specifici.

• Esamina i log: Esamina sempre l’output e i log dello script per individuare eventuali errori o avvertimenti.

• Personalizza i campi: Utilizza i campi personalizzati per memorizzare i risultati e migliorare la documentazione e la tracciabilità.

Considerazioni finali

Questo script PowerShell è un potente strumento per i professionisti IT che desiderano automatizzare l’attività di individuazione e segnalazione dei file in base all’estensione. Le sue funzionalità complete, unite alla facilità d’uso, lo rendono un’aggiunta essenziale a qualsiasi kit di strumenti IT. Per le organizzazioni che utilizzano NinjaOne, questo script per la ricerca delle estensioni dei file si integra perfettamente con la piattaforma, migliorando ulteriormente le capacità dello strumento per la gestione e la sicurezza del sistema.