Automatisering av IT: Skript för att inaktivera Microsoft Store i hela ditt nätverk

Att hantera användarbehörigheter och applikationsåtkomst i ett företagsnätverk kan vara en svår och tidskrävande aktivitet. Men skript som automatiskt hanterar dessa uppgifter kan vara en livräddare för IT-proffs och IT-partners (MSP:er). Idag fokuserar vi på ett PowerShell-skript som är utformat för att inaktivera Windows Store för alla användare och nyskapade användare med hjälp av AppLocker. Skriptet är anpassat för Windows 10 och Server 2016 och erbjuder flera konfigurerbara alternativ, t.ex. att utesluta specifika användare och endast rikta in sig på befintliga användare.

I det här blogginlägget utforskar vi de olika aspekterna av skriptet och varför det kan vara ett ovärderligt tillskott i din IT-verktygslåda.

Manus

#Requires -Version 5.1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list
    of users to exclude.
.DESCRIPTION
    Disables the Windows Store for all users and newly created users using AppLocker. Can be given a comma separated list
    of users to exclude.
.EXAMPLE
    (No Parameters)
    
    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "Interactive"...
    Registry::HKEY_USERSDefaultProfileSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1

PARAMETER: -ExcludeUsers "Test1,Test2"
    A comma seperated list of users to exclude. Please note newly created users will not have the windows store disabled.
.EXAMPLE
    -ExcludeUsers "Test1,Test2"

    WARNING: The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. Test1 Test2
    Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore changed from 0 to 1
    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "tuser"...

PARAMETER: -ExistingUsersOnly
    This will disable the Windows store for existing users only.
.EXAMPLE
    -ExistingUsersOnly

    WARNING: Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!
    Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1001SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1
    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "kbohlander"...
    Set Registry::HKEY_USERSS-1-5-21-3870645062-3653562310-3850680542-1002SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStoreRemoveWindowsStore to 1
    WARNING: Creating AppLocker rule for user or group "tuser"...
.OUTPUTS
    None
.NOTES
    Minimum OS Architecture Supported: Windows 10, Server 2016
    Release Notes:
    Initial Release
By using this script, you indicate your acceptance of the following legal terms as well as our Terms of Use at https://www.ninjaone.com/terms-of-use.
    Ownership Rights: NinjaOne owns and will continue to own all right, title, and interest in and to the script (including the copyright). NinjaOne is giving you a limited license to use the script in accordance with these legal terms. 
    Use Limitation: You may only use the script for your legitimate personal or internal business purposes, and you may not share the script with another party. 
    Republication Prohibition: Under no circumstances are you permitted to re-publish the script in any script library or website belonging to or under the control of any other software provider. 
    Warranty Disclaimer: The script is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranty of any kind. NinjaOne makes no promise or guarantee that the script will be free from defects or that it will meet your specific needs or expectations. 
    Assumption of Risk: Your use of the script is at your own risk. You acknowledge that there are certain inherent risks in using the script, and you understand and assume each of those risks. 
    Waiver and Release: You will not hold NinjaOne responsible for any adverse or unintended consequences resulting from your use of the script, and you waive any legal or equitable rights or remedies you may have against NinjaOne relating to your use of the script. 
    EULA: If you are a NinjaOne customer, your use of the script is subject to the End User License Agreement applicable to you (EULA).
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param (
    [Parameter()]
    [String[]]$ExcludeUsers,
    [Parameter()]
    [Switch]$ExistingUsersOnly
)

begin {
    function Test-IsElevated {
        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
        $p = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($id)
        $p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
    }

    function Test-IsSystem {
        $id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
        return $id.Name -like "NT AUTHORITY*" -or $id.IsSystem
    }

    if (!(Test-IsElevated) -and !(Test-IsSystem)) {
        Write-Error -Message "Access Denied. Please run with Administrator privileges."
        exit 1
    }
    
    # Setting up some functions to be used later.
    function Set-HKProperty {
        param (
            $Path,
            $Name,
            $Value,
            [ValidateSet('DWord', 'QWord', 'String', 'ExpandedString', 'Binary', 'MultiString', 'Unknown')]
            $PropertyType = 'DWord'
        )
        if (-not $(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
            # Check if path does not exist and create the path
            New-Item -Path $Path -Force | Out-Null
        }
        if ((Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore)) {
            # Update property and print out what it was changed from and changed to
            $CurrentValue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name
            try {
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error "[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!"
                Write-Error $_
                exit 1
            }
            Write-Host "$Path$Name changed from $CurrentValue to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)"
        }
        else {
            # Create property with value
            try {
                New-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType $PropertyType -Force -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error "[Error] Unable to Set registry key for $Name please see below error!"
                Write-Error $_
                exit 1
            }
            Write-Host "Set $Path$Name to $($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name)"
        }
    }

    # This will get all the registry path's for all actual users (not system or network service account but actual users.)
    function Get-UserHives {
        param (
            [Parameter()]
            [ValidateSet('AzureAD', 'DomainAndLocal', 'All')]
            [String]$Type = "All",
            [Parameter()]
            [String[]]$ExcludedUsers,
            [Parameter()]
            [switch]$IncludeDefault
        )

        # User account SID's follow a particular patter depending on if they're azure AD or a Domain account or a local "workgroup" account.
        $Patterns = switch ($Type) {
            "AzureAD" { "S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$" }
            "DomainAndLocal" { "S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$" }
            "All" { "S-1-12-1-(d+-?){4}$" ; "S-1-5-21-(d+-?){4}$" } 
        }

        # We'll need the NTuser.dat file to load each users registry hive. So we grab it if their account sid matches the above pattern. 
        $UserProfiles = Foreach ($Pattern in $Patterns) { 
            Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionProfileList*" |
                Where-Object { $_.PSChildName -match $Pattern } | 
                Select-Object @{Name = "SID"; Expression = { $_.PSChildName } }, 
                @{Name = "UserHive"; Expression = { "$($_.ProfileImagePath)NTuser.dat" } }, 
                @{Name = "UserName"; Expression = { "$($_.ProfileImagePath | Split-Path -Leaf)" } }
        }

        # There are some situations where grabbing the .Default user's info is needed.
        switch ($IncludeDefault) {
            $True {
                $DefaultProfile = "" | Select-Object UserName, SID, UserHive
                $DefaultProfile.UserName = "Default"
                $DefaultProfile.SID = "DefaultProfile"
                $DefaultProfile.Userhive = "$env:SystemDriveUsersDefaultNTUSER.DAT"
                $DefaultProfile | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }
            }
        }

        $UserProfiles | Where-Object { $ExcludedUsers -notcontains $_.UserName }
    }

    function New-WindowStoreBlock {
        param(
            [Parameter()]
            [String]$User
        )

        Write-Warning "Creating AppLocker rule for user or group `"$User`"..."
        [xml]$AppLockerTemplate = Get-AppXPackage -AllUsers -Name "Microsoft.WindowsStore" | Get-AppLockerFileInformation | New-AppLockerPolicy -User "$User" -Optimize -Xml
        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.EnforcementMode = "Enabled"
        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Action = "Deny"
        $AppLockerTemplate.AppLockerPolicy.RuleCollection.FilePublisherRule.Conditions.FilePublisherCondition.BinaryVersionRange.LowSection = "*"
        $AppLockerTemplate.Save("$env:TEMPapplocker.xml")
        Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml" -Merge
        Remove-Item "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml"
    }
}
process {
    if ($env:ExistingUsersOnly) { $ExistingUsersOnly = $env:ExistingUsersOnly }
    # This registry key only works sometimes. It's worth setting if its an older windows build or has an older version of the store installed.
    $Path = "SoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsStore"
    $Name = "RemoveWindowsStore"
    $Value = 1
    
    # Get each user profile SID and Path to the profile. If there are any exclusions we'll have to take them into account.
    if ($ExcludeUsers -or $env:ExcludeUsers -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {
        if ($env:ExcludeUsers) {
            $ToBeExcluded = @()
            $ToBeExcluded += $env:ExcludeUsers.split(",").trim()
        }

        if ($ExcludeUsers) {
            $ToBeExcluded = @()
            $ToBeExcluded += $ExcludeUsers.split(",").trim()
        }

        if ($ToBeExcluded) { 
            Write-Warning "The Following Users and newly created users will not have the windows store disabled. $ToBeExcluded"
            $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -ExcludedUsers $ToBeExcluded 
        }
        elseif ($ExistingUsersOnly) { 
            Write-Warning "Only existing users will have the windows store disabled!"
            $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives 
        }
    }
    else {
        $UserProfiles = Get-UserHives -IncludeDefault
    }

    [xml]$AppLockerXML = '<AppLockerPolicy Version="1"><RuleCollection Type="Appx" EnforcementMode="Enabled"><FilePublisherRule Id="a9e18c21-ff8f-43cf-b9fc-db40eed693ba" Name="(Default Rule) All signed packaged apps" Description="Allows members of the Everyone group to run packaged apps that are signed." UserOrGroupSid="S-1-1-0" Action="Allow"><Conditions><FilePublisherCondition PublisherName="*" ProductName="*" BinaryName="*"><BinaryVersionRange LowSection="0.0.0.0" HighSection="*" /></FilePublisherCondition></Conditions></FilePublisherRule></RuleCollection></AppLockerPolicy>'
    $AppLockerXML.Save("$env:TEMPapplocker.xml")
    Set-AppLockerPolicy -XmlPolicy "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml" -Merge
    Remove-Item "$env:TEMPapplocker.xml"

    if (!$ToBeExcluded -and !$ExistingUsersOnly) {
        New-WindowStoreBlock -User "Interactive"
    }

    $script:DisabledWinRun = $true
    $failedUsers = @()
    # Loop through each profile on the machine
    Foreach ($UserProfile in $UserProfiles) {
        # Load User ntuser.dat if it's not already loaded
        If (($ProfileWasLoaded = Test-Path Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)) -eq $false) {
            Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C reg.exe LOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID) `"$($UserProfile.UserHive)`"" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden
        }

        # Manipulate the registry
        $key = "Registry::HKEY_USERS$($UserProfile.SID)$($Path)"
        Set-HKProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -Value $Value -PropertyType DWord

        # This will be our applocker policy we'll need to tweak it prior to running it
        if ($UserProfile.SID -notlike "DefaultProfile") {
            if ($ToBeExcluded -or $ExistingUsersOnly) {
                New-WindowStoreBlock -User "$($UserProfile.UserName)"
            }
        }

        if ($(Get-ItemProperty -Path $key -Name $Name -ErrorAction Ignore).$Name -ne $Value) {
            $script:DisabledWinRun = $false
            $failedUsers += $UserProfile.UserName
        }
        
        # Unload NTuser.dat
        If ($ProfileWasLoaded -eq $false) {
            [gc]::Collect()
            Start-Sleep 1
            Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C reg.exe UNLOAD HKU$($UserProfile.SID)" -Wait -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null
        }
    }
    
    Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/C sc config `"AppIDSvc`" start=auto & net start `"AppIDSvc`"" -WindowStyle Hidden | Out-Null
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
    if ($script:DisabledWinRun) {
        # All $UserProfiles updated
        exit 0
    }
    else {
        $failedUsers | ForEach-Object { Write-Error "Failed to update user `"$_`"" }
        Write-Error "One or more user profiles failed to update"
        exit 1
    }
}
end {}

 

Huvuddragen i manuset

Kontroll av förhöjda behörigheter

Innan skriptet kan göra ändringar kontrollerar det om det körs med administratörsbehörighet. Detta är nödvändigt för att tillämpa ändringar i systeminställningar och användarkonton.

Flexibilitet i användarundantag

Om du inte vill tillämpa inställningarna på alla användare har du möjlighet att ange en kommaseparerad lista över användare som ska exkluderas.

Alternativ endast för befintliga användare

Om du helst inte vill påverka nyskapade konton finns det en parameter för det även.

Manipulering av register

Skriptet använder Windows-registret för att genomdriva policyändringar, vilket säkerställer att de är djupt rotade och överlever omstarter av systemet.

Integration av AppLocker

Skriptet går längre än enkla registerändringar genom att även skapa en AppLocker-regel för att blockera Windows Store, vilket ger ett extra lager av säkerhet.

Hur IT-partners kan dra nytta av detta

Kundspecifik anpassning

Med möjligheten att exkludera specifika användare kan IT-partners skräddarsy skriptets beteende efter varje kunds unika behov.

Skalbarhet

Oavsett om du hanterar ett litet företagsnätverk eller ett multinationellt företag kan detta skript skalas utan problem tack vare dess automatiseringsfunktioner.

Efterlevnad

Många branscher kräver strikta riktlinjer för efterlevnad som begränsar användningen av applikationer. Det här skriptet hjälper till att uppnå detta genom att blockera åtkomst till obehöriga program från Windows Store.

Tjänster med mervärde

IT-partners kan erbjuda detta som en del av sitt säkerhetspaket, vilket gör deras tjänster mer attraktiva för potentiella kunder.

Avslutning

Säkerhet och efterlevnad är två sidor av samma mynt inom IT-hantering. Det här PowerShell-skriptet gör det lättare att uppnå båda genom att automatisera processen för att inaktivera Windows Store för flera användarkonton, med anpassningsbara alternativ för olika användningsfall. Både IT-proffs och IT-partners kan spara mycket tid, förbättra säkerheten och effektivisera hanteringen genom att införliva detta skript i sina vanliga arbetsflöden.