A vulnerability assessment is a systematic review of security weaknesses in an information technology infrastructure, systems, applications, and processes to identify potential weaknesses and gaps that could be exploited by attackers. The goal of a vulnerability assessment is to proactively discover and prioritize vulnerabilities before they can be exploited maliciously.
Vulnerability assessments typically involve using automated tools, such as vulnerability scanners, to scan networks, servers, applications, and other IT assets for known vulnerabilities. Additionally, manual testing and analysis may be performed to identify vulnerabilities that automated tools might miss.
Finding vulnerabilities may seem a complex task reserved for program developers, or hardware manufacturers, but in the context of Security Configuration Management (SCM), this could be as simple as finding misconfigurations that can easily be found by an IT administrator.
Once vulnerabilities are identified, they are usually categorized based on their severity and likelihood of exploitation. This allows organizations to prioritize remediation efforts and allocate resources effectively to address the most critical vulnerabilities first.
The findings of a vulnerability assessment are typically documented in a report, which includes recommendations for mitigating or remedying the identified vulnerabilities to improve the overall security posture of the organization.
According to the exploit impact, the vulnerabilities can be classified as:
* Vulnerability classification is not a universally defined term, so other publications may provide different classifications. The important thing to keep in mind is that a value must be assigned to each vulnerability found to establish the risk and the promptness to resolve it.
Let’s suppose that a Windows server 2003 has been found running a marketing web application in an organization. The example assessment for this finding would be as follows:
1. Windows server (server identification here) has been found with OS version Windows server 2003. The vulnerability risk is High.
2. Risks found.
3. Recommendations.
Management and Finance need to evaluate and provide directions. This is a very simple example, it may lack a study of the compatibility of the old Web page with the new OS, and maybe the database, if there´s one running along with the Web page.
It also lacks costs, but it shows what an IT administrator can do to help resolve, without the use of vulnerability scanners, penetration testing, code analysis, etc., that may be out of scope.
Vulnerability assessment is a methodical examination of security weaknesses within an information technology infrastructure, systems, applications, and processes. It assesses whether the system is prone to any known vulnerabilities, categorizes these vulnerabilities by severity, and provides recommendations for necessary remediation or mitigation actions.
Vulnerability remediation refers to the actions taken to solve the vulnerabilities found in the vulnerability assessment. In the example shown in this document, installing a new server running Windows Server 2022 and hosting the web page on it is the remediation to the vulnerability found.
Here are some best practices for assessing and remediating vulnerabilities:
Vulnerability assessment best practices:
Vulnerability remediation best practices:
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